Chapter 26: Urinary System

Question 1

what are the functions of the urinary system

Answer 1

regulate blood contents (including ions, pH, glucose, volume, and pressure), produce hormones, and excrete waste

Question 2

what are the four organs of the urinary system

Answer 2

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Question 3

where are the kidneys located

Answer 3

posterior abdominal wall, anterior to the 11th and `12th floating ribs

Question 4

kidneys are what type of organs

Answer 4

retroparitoneal organs

Question 5

is the right kidney higher or lower than the left

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

what is the renal hilum

Answer 6

the medial indentation where ureter, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit

Question 7

what are the two regions of the kidney

Answer 7

cortex and medulla

Question 8

what is found in the renal medulla

Answer 8

renal pyramids and the renal papilla

Question 9

what is found in the renal cortex

Answer 9

renal columns

Question 10

what is the renal lobe

Answer 10

1 renal pyramid and it’s surrounding cortex

Question 11

what are nephrons

Answer 11

millions of microscopic structures that filter blood by altering its contents and removing waste in the form of urine

Question 12

what is the track for urine after nephrons filter it’s contents

Answer 12

papillary ducts to minor calyces to major calyces to renal pelvis

Question 13

the renal arteries branch off the

Answer 13

abdominal aorta

Question 14

the renal veins carry blood to the

Answer 14

inferior vena cava

Question 15

where are the renal veins located

Answer 15

anterior to renal arteries

Question 16

where is the left renal vein

Answer 16

crossing over the abdominal aorta

Question 17

how much cardiac output do the kidneys recieve

Answer 17

20-25%

Question 18

what is cardiac output

Answer 18

amount of blood filtered with each heartbeat

Question 19

what are the two structures that make up the nephron

Answer 19

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 20

what are the two structures of the renal corpuscle

Answer 20

glomerulus and glomerular/boman’s capsule

Question 21

what is the glomerulus

Answer 21

an arteriole bundle that receives blood from the afferent anterior and dispenses blood through the efferent arteriole

Question 22

what is the glomerular carpsule (boman’s capsule)

Answer 22

the surrounding area of the glomerulus that collects plasma and molecules from blood that filer out of glomerulus (filtrate)

Question 23

what are the parts of the renal tubule

Answer 23

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

Question 24

what is filtered in and out when filtrate moves through the renal tubule

Answer 24

water, ions, and molecules

Question 25

what is the papillary duct

Answer 25

a collecting of several collecting ducts

Question 26

when does filtrate become urine

Answer 26

once it is in the papillary duct

Question 27

what is the lining of the ureters

Answer 27

transitional epithelium

Question 28

where is the urinary bladder in males

Answer 28

anterior to the rectum

Question 29

where is the urinary bladder in females

Answer 29

anterior to the vagina and uterus

Question 30

what is the lining of the urinary bladder

Answer 30

transitional epithelium, is stratified cuboidal when empty and stratified squamous when full

Question 31

what is the wall of the urinary bladder called

Answer 31

detrusor muscle

Question 32

what type of muscle is the detrusor muscle

Answer 32

smooth

Question 33

what is the lining of the urethra

Answer 33

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 34

what type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter

Answer 34

smooth muscle

Question 35

what type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter

Answer 35

skeletal muscle

Question 36

how much urine volume will cause stretch receptors to signal the brain

Answer 36

200-400ml

Question 37

how much can the bladder hold

Answer 37

700-800ml