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AP European History :!: > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the rest of the world (excluding the Americas) feel about what Europe had to offer when they joined the global trade network?

A

They felt that Europeans had little to offer

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2
Q

What country funded explorations long before Europeans?

A

China

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3
Q

What networks were established before Europe got involved in trade?

A

Muslim and Asian empires had established trade networks as far away as Indonesia and Africa.

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4
Q

Who sailed for China before Europeans began exploring?

A

Zheng He had 7 voyages with over 300 ships (1405-1433)

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5
Q

Why did the Ming Dynasty abandon overseas exploration?

A

It was too expensive and they were pre-occupied with defense and isolation

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6
Q

Did Zheng He sail to North America?

A

According to most historians, no.

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7
Q

What were the motivations for European involvement in Asia?

A

Exotic spices (for food and religious ceremonies,) Chinese silk, Indian cotton, and precious gems

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8
Q

What sparked interest in exploration?

A

God, Gold, and Glory

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9
Q

What were the main goals in European exploration?

A

To spread Christianity, find new markets, European competition, global economic efforts, and necessity.

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10
Q

Why was exploration risky?

A

Because of the limited knowledge of the world and the confusion created by Ptolemy’s Geography

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11
Q

What aided European exploration?

A

The technology gained from China and the Middle East

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12
Q

Why was Europe almost forced into exploration?

A

They really didn’t have a choice because the Silk Road and Mediterranean trade were cut off.

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13
Q

What was some of the new technology that aided in European exploration?

A

The astrolabe, the magnetic compass, gunpowder, and triangular sails + round hulled ships

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14
Q

What was the astrolabe and where did it come from?

A

It was perfected by Muslim sailors and could plot latitude correctly

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15
Q

Who invented the magnetic compass?

A

The Chinese

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16
Q

What was one of the main things that helped make westward sailing possible?

A

Triangular sails and round hulled ships

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17
Q

Why were the Portuguese the first to sail west?

A

They had better ships, weapons, technology, and geography (since they were already on the Atlantic.)

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18
Q

What European country was the first to sail and why?

A

Portugal because they had better tools and technology

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19
Q

What did Prince Henry the Navigator do?

A

In 1420 he sailed for Portugal and discovered African gold

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20
Q

What did Bartholomew Dias do?

A

In 1488 he round a trip to Africa

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21
Q

What did Vasco de Gama do?

A

In 1498 he went around Africa and made it to India and back.

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22
Q

During the voyage to the Americas, what did Spain and Portugal do?

A

The Portuguese mostly sailed east to trade in the Indian Ocean and Spain went west

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23
Q

Where did Columbus think he landed? Where did he actually land?

A

Columbus thought he landed in Japan/ the West Indies but he actually landed in the Caribbean

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24
Q

What was the goal of Columbus’s voyage?

A

To find a shortcut to China

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25
What country did Columbus sail for and why?
He sailed for Spain because _____
26
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
In 1494, Pope Alexander VI mediated a dispute between Spain and Portugal over newly explored territory.
27
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
It agreed that Spain got land west of the line and that Portugal got everything east of the line. It also said that no one gets land already under control of a Christian leader.
28
What did Spain do after the Treaty of Tordesillas?
It followed Portugal's lead into the Indian Ocean trade and established a colony on the Philippine Islands under King Philip II
29
Why did Spain set up colonial rule in the Philippine Islands?
It was close to China and the spice islands and there wasn't any significant competition
30
What did the Treaty of Zaragoza of 1529 do?
It established an end line for the Treaty of Tordesillas
31
What was the Spanish takeover of the Philippines like?
Easy and relatively bloodless
32
How did Spain take over the Phillippeans?
They used small scale military operations, gunpowder weapons, gifts to native Chiefs, and Catholic rituals
33
What did the Colombian Exchange accomplish?
The introduction of new plant and animal species as well as diseases and technology to be redistributed throughout the world
34
What was the impact of the Colombian exchange on Europe?
It brought new crops, which revitalized agricultural practices. This brought more calories and allowed more people to be born.
35
What were some of the non-native species introduced to the Americas?
Brown rats, earthworms, kudzu, citrus fruits, coffee, bananas, and horses
36
Why did the Spanish begin to exploit the new world?
They were unable to find a passage to Asia
37
What country imported the first African slaves to the New World and why?
Spain imported the first African slaves because all the natives kept dying
38
What led to Spain's downfall?
Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire and opened silver mines, which led to massive inflation in Spain.
39
Who conquered the Incan empire?
Pizarro for Spain.
40
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Cortez
41
What lake did the Spanish drain and what capital used to be there?
The Spanish drained Lake Texcoco and built what is today Mexico City on the site on top of the Aztec capital of Tenochletan.
42
What was the Aztec legend about why they built Tenochletan on Lake Texcoco?
The Aztecs believed that they were to wander the land until they saw an eagle carrying a serpent land on a cactus, and that would be the site of their new home.
43
How was Spanish colonial government set up?
There were four viceroyalties with capitals in Mexico City and Lima, Peru. Each had a viceroy, and audencia, and intendents.
44
What was an audencia?
In Spanish colonial government, it was a board of judges/ advisory council that worked for the viceroyalties.
45
What were intendents?
In Spanish colonial government, they were royal officials that worked for the four viceroyalties
46
What did the Encomienda system allow the Spaniards to do?
It allowed them to gain control of conquered land and employ local natives
47
What led to the importation of Africans to the New World?
The Spanish Encomienda System, which killed many natives.
48
Why did the Dutch, English, and French join the colonial race?
Protestant/ Catholic rivalry and they had better and faster ships in Northern Europe
49
What part of Europe had better ships?
Northern Europe
50
Where did the Dutch begin competing with Spain and Portugal for trade?
Southeast Asia
51
Where did the Dutch set up a midpoint/"rest stop"?
The Dutch set up a midpoint/ rest stop colony at the Cape of Good Hope
52
Why did the Dutch East India Company quickly overtake Portugal and where?
The Dutch East India Company quickly overtook Portugal in the Indian Ocean network.
53
How were the Dutch able to trade with more people than the rest of Europe?
They weren't focused on religion
54
What country did the Dutch focus on?
Indonesia
55
What country did the British focus on?
India
56
What were the East India Companies?
Private trading companies that used investors to raise money and share risks.
57
What were the East India Companies allowed to do?
Make war, govern conquered people, and hold trading monopolies.
58
Where was John Cabot from and who did he sail for?
He was Italian but sailed for England
59
What did John Cabot do?
He sailed seeking a Northwest passage to Asia
60
Why were the English colonies formed?
To help religious refugees/ Calvinists
61
Who supported France and their development of New France?
The Catholic Church.
62
When was the 7 Years' War?
1756-1763
63
Who fought in the 7 Years' War and why?
Britain and France fought in Europe and America over the colonies
64
What country was the exception to the assumption that Asians didn't convert to Christianity in large numbers?
The Philippines
65
Why did Europeans look elsewhere to trade instead of Asia?
They weren't interested in European goods or religion
66
What was an effect of isolationism in Asia?
Europeans looked elsewhere to trade (the Americas.)
67
What was the one place in Japan that allowed trade (but only with the Dutch)?
Deshima Island in Nagasaki Bay
68
What was Deshima Island?
An artificial island set up by the Dutch and staffed by Chinese.
69
Why did Japan trade with the Dutch?
They wanted their modern guns.
70
What was the one country that Japan traded with?
The Dutch

AP European History :!: (10 decks)

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