Chapter 15 - Shock And Resuscitation

Question 0

What is inadequate volume?

Answer 0

A decrease of blood volume, which will decrease the preload, which will cause the stroke volume and cardiac output to fall, which will cause the systolic blood pressure to fall

Question 1

What is shock?

Answer 1

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 2

What is inadequate pump function?

Answer 2

When the heart does not generate enough force to move the necessary amount of blood through out the body

Question 3

What is inadequate vessel tone?

Answer 3

When the vessels size increases because of massive vasodilation, the resistance decreases and the blood pressure and perfusion Olson decrease

Question 4

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 4

Shock that is caused from a low volume of blood

Question 5

What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?

Answer 5

Hemorrhage - the loss of whole blood

Question 6

What is distributive shock?

Answer 6

A decrease in the inter vascular volume caused by massive systemic vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability

Question 7

What are the 5 categories of shock?

Answer 7

Hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive, cardiogenic

Metabolic/respiratory

Question 8

What are the types of hypovolemic shock?

Answer 8

Hemorrhagic

Non hemorrhagic, burn

Question 9

What are the types of distributive shock?

Answer 9

Septic
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic

Question 10

What are the types of obstructive shock?

Answer 10

Pulmonic embolism
Pericardial tamponade
Tension pneumothorax

Question 11

What are the types of cardiogenic shock?

Answer 11

MI, CHF
Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
Abnormal rhythm
Depressed pump function

Question 12

What are the types of metabolic/respiratory shock?

Answer 12

CO2, oxygen diffusion

Question 13

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 13

Caused by ineffective pump function, usually when more than 40 percent of the left ventricle has been lost

Question 14

What is obstructive shock?

Answer 14

Condition when blood is obstructed from moving forward

Question 15

What is anaphylactic shock?

Answer 15

When chemical mediators are released that cause massive and systemic vasodilation

Question 16

What is septic shock?

Answer 16

Infection that releases bacteria or toxins in the blood, causing the vessels to dilate and become permeable

Question 17

What is neurogenic shock?

Answer 17

A spinal cord injury that damages the sympathetic nerve fibers that control the vessel tone

Question 18

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 18

Depressed pumping functions of the heart that reduces the stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic blood pressure and perfusion

Question 19

What is direct nerve stimulation?

Answer 19

When shock occurs, the sympathetic nervous system is activated and tries to restore normal blood pressure

Question 20

What is compensatory shock?

Answer 20

When the body is able to adjust and maintain near normal blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs

Question 21

What is decompensatory shock?

Answer 21

An advanced stage of shock where the body is no longer able to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs

Question 22

What is irreversible shock?

Answer 22

The stage at which, regardless of intervention, the patient outcome is death

Question 23

What is the lower blood pressure limit for a child less than 10 dealing with shock?

Answer 23

Systolic blood pressure of 70 plus two times the age is the lower limit of normal

Question 24

What does resuscitation mean?

Answer 24

Bringing the patient back from potential or apparent death

Question 25

What is sudden death?

Answer 25

When the patient dies within 1 hour of the onset of the signs and symptoms

Question 26

How long before the brain has irreversible changes due to cardiac arrest?

Answer 26

4 to 6 minutes

Question 27

What is the electric phase of shock?

Answer 27

Begins immediately upon cardiac arrest thru 4 minutes, the heart still has a good supply of oxygen and glucose and aerobic metabolism is maintained

Question 28

What is circulatory phase of shock?

Answer 28

From 4 to 10 minutes after onset, oxygen stores have been depleted and the body shifts to anaerobic metabolism

Question 29

What is the metabolic phase of shock?

Answer 29

After 10 minutes of onset, the heart is starved of oxygen and the body has a huge buildup of acid. Chances of survival drop dramatically

Question 30

What is downtime?

Answer 30

The time the patient goes into cardiac arrest until CPR is performed

Question 31

What is total downtime?

Answer 31

The total time from onset of cardiac arrest until the patient is delivered to the ER

Question 32

What is ROSC?

Answer 32

Return of spontaneous circulation

Question 33

What is considered survival?

Answer 33

When a cardiac arrest patient is able to leave the hospital

Question 34

What is the adult chain of survival?

Answer 34

Immediate recognition and activation 
Early CPR
Rapid defibrillation 
Effective advanced life support
Integrated post cardiac arrest care

Question 35

What is the compression rate during CPR?

Answer 35

100 per minute

30 compressions to 2 ventilations

Question 36

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 36

Disorganized cardiac rhythm that produce no pulse or cardiac output

Question 37

What is ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 37

A very fast heart rhythm that is generated in the ventricle instead of the sinoatrial node in the atrium

Question 38

What is asystole?

Answer 38

The absence of electrical activity and pumping action in the heart
aka - flat line

Question 39

What is PEA?

Answer 39

Pulseless electrical activity, the heart has an organized rhythm but the heart does not respond or there is nothing to pump