Chapter 7 Flashcards
0
Q
Physiology
A
Function of the living body and it’s parts
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Structure of the body and the relationship of it parts to each other
2
Q
Lateral recumbent
A
Patient lying on left or right side
3
Q
Sagittarius plane
A
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left segments
4
Q
Frontal or coronal plane
A
Plane that divides the body into front and back halves
5
Q
Transverse or horizontal plane
A
Plane that divides the body into top and bottom halves
6
Q
Midline
A
Line drawn vertically through the middle of the patients body
7
Q
Midaxillary line
A
Imaginary line vertically from the middle of the patients arm pit down to the ankle
8
Q
Anterior plane
A
Patients front
9
Q
Posterior plane
A
Patients back
10
Q
Transverse line
A
Imaginary line horizontally through the patients waist
11
Q
Anterior
A
Towards the front
12
Q
Posterior
A
Towards the back
13
Q
Superior
A
Towards the head or above the point of reference
14
Q
Inferior
A
Toward the feet or below the point of reference
15
Q
Dorsal
A
Towards the back
16
Q
Ventral
A
Towards the front or belly
17
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline or center of the body
18
Q
Lateral
A
Refers to the left or right of the midline
19
Q
Proximal
A
Near the point of reference
20
Q
Distal
A
Distant or far from the point of reference
21
Q
Plantar
A
Sole of the feet
22
Q
Palmar
A
Palm of the hand
23
Q
Flexion
A
Bending towards the body
24
Extension
Straightening away from the body
25
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
26
Adduction
Movement towards the midline
27
Pronation
Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned towards the back
28
Supination
Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned towards the front
29
Artery
Carries blood away from the heart
30
Aorta
Supply all other arteries with blood, the major artery from the heart
31
Coronary arteries
Vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
32
Carotid arteries
Supply the brain and head with blood
33
Femoral arteries
Major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood
34
Dorsalis pedis arteries
Artery in the foot, can be felt on top of the big toes
35
Posterior tibial arteries
Travels from the calf to the foot, can be felt by the ankle
36
Brachial arteries
Major artery of the upper arm, can be felt at the front of the elbow, used when determining blood pressure
37
Radial arteries
Major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint. Can be felt on the wrist
38
Pulmonary arteries
Carry oxygen depleted blood to the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated and returned to the heart for circulation through out the body
39
Arteriole
Smallest kind of artery, carry blood from the arteries into the capillaries
40
Capillary
Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule
41
Venule
Smallest branch of the veins, connected to the distal ends of capillaries
42
Vein
Carries blood back to the heart
43
Venae cavae
Carry oxygen depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs
44
Pulmonary veins
Carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
45
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen to the body cells, and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells
46
White blood cells
Part of the body's immune system and help to defend against infection
47
Platelets
Essential to the formation of blood clots
48
Plasma
Liquid part if the blood, which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissue
49
Blood pressure
Force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the arteries
50
Systolic blood pressure
Exerted against the walls of the arteries whe the left ventricle contracts
51
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest
52
Hydrostatic pressure
The force exerted on the inside of the vessel walls as a result of the blood pressure and volume
53
Edema
Swelling occurring in the tissues
54
Perfusion
The delivery of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and the elimination of carbon dioxide
55
Hypoperfusion
Insufficient supply of oxygen to some of the body's cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide that results from inadequate circulation
56
Where is the tricuspid valve?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
57
Where is the pulmonary valve?
At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle
58
Where is the bicuspid aka mitral valve?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
59
Where is the aortic valve?
At the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle
60
What is the aorta?
Major artery from the heart that supplies blood to all other arteries
61
What are coronary arteries?
Supply the heart with blood
62
What are carotid arteries?
Supply the brain with blood
63
What are Femoral arteries?
Major arteries of the thigh
64
What is the pulmonary arteries?
Carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
65
What is the superior vena cava?
Enters the top of the right atrium, carrying oxygen depleted blood from the upper body
66
What is the inferior vena cava?
Enters the bottom of the right atrium, carrying oxygen depleted blood from the lower body
67
What is hypoperfusion?
An insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the body's cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide
68
What does the nervous system control?
Voluntary and involuntary activity of the body
69
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
70
What are afferent nerves?
Carry sensory information from the body to the spinal cord
71
What is a efferent nerve?
Carry motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the body
72
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Is activated when the body is challenged AKA fight or flight
73
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
Returns the body functions to normal or depresses body functions
74
What is RAS?
Reticular activating system - aka wake or sleep center
75
Alpha 1?
Causes the vessels to constrict
76
Alpha 2
Regulate the release of alpha 1
77
Beta 1
Effects everything related to the heart
78
Beta 2
Causes the smooth muscles to dilate, especially I the bronchioles
79
What is the acetabulum.
Pelvic socket
80
Where is the xiphoid process?
Bottom of the sternum
81
Where is the acromion located?
End of the clavicle
82
Where is the manubrium located?
Superior portion of the sternum
83
What is the calcaneus?
Heel bone
84
What is visceral pleura?
Thin layer of tissue over the lungs
85
What is the parietal pleura?
Layer of tissue that covers the internal chest wall
86
Sinoatrial node
Pacemaker
87
What does the pancreas do?
Produces insulin - islets of langerhans
| Secretes pancreatic juices that aid in digestion
88
What does the liver do?
Produces bile, which aids in digestion
| Stores sugars
89
What does the spleen do?
Filters blood and is used as storage for blood
90
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores bile
91
What does the small intestine do?
Food is broken down and nutrients are absorbed
92
What does the large intestine do AKA colon?
Absorbers water from food waste
93
What is between the vertebra?
Intervertebral
