Chapter 16 Flashcards
1
Q
What are living organisms that move from place to place in their environment, mainly for the purpose of obtaining food?
A
animals
2
Q
What means able to move from place to place?
A
motile
3
Q
What means unable to move from place to place?
A
sessile
4
Q
What is the property of being able to be cut into identical halves?
A
symmetry
5
Q
What is the form of symmetry in which an object can be cut into identical halves along only one place?
A
bilateral symmetry
6
Q
What is the form of symmetry in which an object can be cut into identical halves along several planes?
A
radial symmetry
7
Q
What means without symmetry?
A
asymmetry
8
Q
What are animals that have a backbone?
A
vertebrates
9
Q
What are animals without a backbone?
A
invertebrates
10
Q
What does every vertebrate have?
A
a spinal cord with a brain at its anterior
11
Q
What is the internal skeleton as found in vertebrates?
A
endoskeleton
12
Q
What are animals with four appendages or limbs called?
A
tetrapods
13
Q
What type of symmetry do all vertebrate exhibit?
A
bilateral
14
Q
What is the subphylum within the phylum Chordata in which vertebrates are typically classified?
A
Vertebrata
15
Q
What is the phylum that includes vertebrates?
A
Chordata
16
Q
What are the most familiar and the most dominant group of vertebrates on earth?
A
mammals
17
Q
What is built on all mammals on a similar pattern?
A
skeleton
18
Q
What do most mammals have two pairs of?
A
limbs
19
Q
What is produced in all mammals just as it is in humans?
A
hair
20
Q
What are long hairs used for the sense of touch?
A
whiskers
21
Q
What is one of God’s most marvelous provisions for mammals?
A
milk
22
Q
What are the milk-producing glands of a female mammal?
A
mammary glands
23
Q
What type of animals regulates body temperature by internal mechanisms?
A
warm-blooded
24
Q
What type of animals regulate body temperature by external factors?
A
cold-blooded
25
Are all mammals considered to be warm-blooded or cold-blooded?
warm-blooded
26
What means maintaining the same internal body temperature regardless of environment?
homeothermic
27
What is the form of dormancy in which a warm-blooded animal's body temperature falls to near the freezing point and respiration and hear rate slow down?
hibernation
28
What in mammals are larger in relation to body size than those of reptiles and amphibians?
lungs
29
What is the thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
30
What relationship was man created to have with the animals?
to rule over them
31
What are the three main things that man has used animals for throughout the ages?
companionship, protection, and service
32
What is the union of a sperm cell from a male with an egg cell from a female to form a new organism?
sexual reporduction
33
What type of mammals have developing young nourished by a placental until brith?
placental mammals
34
What is the sac of blood vessels that connect a mother to an unborn placental mammal?
placenta
35
Where does the fertilization take place in a placental mammal?
oviduct
36
What is the hollow sphere of cells that the fertilized egg divides into?
blastula
37
What is the fluid that protects the unborn placental mammal from shocks?
amniotic fluid
38
What is the period from conception to birth in a placental mammal?
gestation period
39
What is the cord that consists of blood vessels that connects the placenta to an unborn placental mammal?
umbilical cord
40
What means giving birth to live young?
vivparous
41
What means egg laying?
oviparous
42
What is a mammal that gives birth to immature young, which are nourished with a pouch?
marsupial
43
What is the ant-eating African mammal that is the sole member of the order Tubulidentata?
aardvark
44
What are the largest land animals?
elephants
45
What are the enlarged incisors of elephants?
tusks
46
What are the aquatic grazing mammals of the order Sirenia?
sea cow
47
Which sea cow has a forked tail?
dugong
48
Which sea cow lives in coastal waters and does not have a forked tail?
manatee
49
What are the only oviparous mammals in existence?
echidna and platypus
50
What is one of the only oviparous mammals that is also known as the spiny anteater?
echidna
51
What is one of the only oviparous mammals that is designed to live on both land and water?
platypus
52
What is the animal whose name means "little armored one" because it has neat rows of tough plates that are joined across the back?
armadillo
53
What is the animal that spends the majority of its time hanging upside-down with their long, curved claws hooked around tree branches?
sloths
54
What is a three-toed sloth that lives in the tropical tree forests of South America and are the slowest land mammals?
ai
55
What is the largest anteater?
giant anteater
56
What means active during the daytime?
diurnal
57
What means active during the nighttime?
nocturnal
58
What is a scaly anteater that has a protective hide like and armadillo and eating habits like the anteater?
pangolin
59
What are pouched mammals?
marsupials
60
What is the largest living marsupial?
kangaroo
61
What are the only marsupials that live outside of Australia and the surrounding islands?
opossums
62
What is one of the best diggers among mammals that has a thick body, little or no tail, and strong, short legs?
wombat
63
What is the animals with the most confining diet?
koala
64
What is a squirrel-sized marsupial that inhabits the eucalyptus forests and sandy deserts of southern and western Australia?
numbat
65
What means insect eating?
insectivorous
66
What is one order of small mammals that gets its name from the insect-eating habits of its memebers?
insectivores
67
What are the most common insectivores that inhabit moist places?
shrews
68
What is the lightest mammal?
Etriscan shrew
69
What is an interesting insectivore that is covered with spines that are shorter and softer than a porcupine's spines and always lack barbs?
hedgehog
70
What are mammals that live almost exclusively underground searching for their favorite food, earthworm?
moles
71
What are the only flying mammals?
bats
72
How do bats differ in structure from other mammals?
they have greatly elongated fingers
73
What type of bat has a long snout and tongue?
long-nosed bat
74
What is the smallest mammal in overall body size?
Kitti's hog-nosed bat
75
What marine mammals that make up the order Cetacea?
whales
76
What type of whales have two rows of comb-like plates that hang like curtains from each side of the upper jaw?
baleen whales
77
What are comb-like plates that is also knowns as whalebone?
baleen
78
What type of whale is any that has teeth instead of baleen?
toothed whale
79
What are among the most intelligent of all mammals that rank second only to the chimpanzee?
dolphins
80
What is often confused with a dolphin but are not as playful and rarely jump out of the water?
porpoise
81
What type of whale commonly hunts in packs and are noted for their intelligence, similar to dolphins?
orca
82
What are mostly arboreal animals that are noted for their intelligence?
primates
83
What are primates without tails?
apes
84
What is the largest of all the apes?
mountain gorilla
85
What is the smallest ape?
gibbon
86
What ape is characterized by long, shaggy, orange-brown hair and a large, sad-looking face?
orangutan
87
What is the most intelligent of the apes and the most intelligent animal?
chimpanzee
88
What are the most familiar primates with tails?
monkeys
89
What type of monkeys lives in the tropical forests of Central and South America and possess a prehensile tail?
New World Monkey
90
What is a tail designed for grasping objects?
prehensile tail
91
What type of monkeys are noted for their close nostrils and nonprehensile tails?
Old World Monkeys
92
What is an unusual kind of primate that live only in Madagascar and the nearby islands?
lemurs
93
What is the world's largest animal?
blue whale
94
What are the small gnawing mammals that have two pairs of sharp, chisel-like incisor teeth?
rodents
95
What type of mammals are there more of than any other group of mammals combines?
rodents
96
Which rodent is found on every continent, including Antarctica?
house mouse
97
What type of rodent makes nests of shredded material wherever suitable cover and food are present?
mouse
98
What type of rodent looks like a mouse but are stronger, larger, and much more aggressive?
rat
99
What is the best method of controlling rats?
sanitation
100
What is the largest rodent?
capybara
101
What is a familiar rodent that is similar in size to a rat?
squirrel
102
What is a stocky, burrowing rodent that belongs to the squirrel family?
woodchuck
103
What type of rodent populates the central and western areas of America and belonging to a family of their own, displaying a community behaviour?
gopher
104
What is the largest rodent in the United States?
beaver
105
What is one of the most unusual rodents that has long, stiff quills on its back, sides, and tail?
porcupine
106
What are nocturnal animals of the tropical jungles of Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo, Java, and the Philippines?
flying lemurs
107
What is any mammal of the order Lagomorpha which has teeth similar to a rodent's but has four upper incisors?
lagomorphs
108
What are well-known lagomorphs whose only means of protection are its keen senses and its speed?
rabbit
109
What are much like rabbits but are larger and tend to have longer ears?
hares
110
What is a most unusual lagomorph that has short ears and looks more like a guinea pig than a rabbit?
pika
111
What is a defenseless animal that makes its home in the rocks?
hyrax
112
What are enlarged and thickened toenails?
hooves
113
What are hooved animals called?
ungulates
114
What are even-toed hoofed mammals?
artiodactyl
115
What have most ungulates been designed for because they need a means of escape from predators?
swift runners
116
What is a very large perissodactyl with three functional toes on each foot?
rhinoceros
117
What is the order of odd-toed hoofed mammals?
periossodacyl
118
What is an unusual creature that looks most like a pig with an extra-long snout or trunk?
tapir
119
What is any member of the equine family, which include horses and other similar perissodactyls?
equids
120
What is a single-toed perissodactyl that has been one of the most useful animals in God's creation?
horse
121
What is a perissodactyl that look much like striped horses?
zebra
122
What is a perissodactyl that have also helped man since earliest times and have often been crosses with horses?
donkeys
123
What are even-toed hoofed mammals?
artiodactyls
124
What are solid horn-like structures that are shed annually?
antlers
125
What are hollow structures that are usually permanent and that are not shed?
horns
126
What is the tallest living animal?
giraffe
127
What two broad categories can artiodactyls be divided into?
those that chew the cud and those that do not
128
What are artiodactyls that chew the cud?
ruminants
129
What is the first division of a four-chambered stomach that is the section which holds the food until it can be chewed more thoroughly?
rumen
130
What is the layer of skin that is rich in blood vessels whose antlers develop?
velvet
131
What animal has the largest horns?
water buffalo
132
What is the largest of all the deer?
Alaska bull moose
133
What are ruminants that have been particularly valuable to mankind since ancient times as sources of food and clothing?
bovids
134
What is any member of a ruminant family characterized by the presence of antlers?
deer
135
What is a rather unusual creature designed to withstand extremes at hot, dry lands?
camel
136
What is the process used by microorganisms to break down cellulose?
fermentation
137
What is a special side pocket that lies near the stomach to provide for a fermentation chamber?
cecum
138
What do all ruminants possess?
a four-chambered stomach
139
What is the largest portion of a four-chambered stomach?
rumen
140
What are meat-eaters?
carnivores
141
Do carnivores of herbivores lead a more active life?
carnivores
142
What are the least carnivorous of the flesh eaters that take advantage of several kinds of food?
bears
143
What is considered the largest land-dwelling carnivore?
Alaskan brown bear
144
What may be the most dangerous animal in North America?
grizzly bear
145
What is the only large land carnivore that does not instinctively fear men?
polar bear
146
What are ruthless and ferocious carnivore with a justified reputation as cunning attack animals?
wolves
147
What is one of the most relentless hunters among the carnivores?
weasel
148
What is the largest member of the weasel family?
wolverine
149
What is among the largest cats?
tiger
150
What are also among the largest cats but are unusual because they prefer to live in prides?
lions
151
What is a common resident of homes that are prized for their ability to keep places free of mice?
housecats
152
What are aquatic carnivores that are streamlines and covered with short, dense fir?
seals
153
What are aquatic carnivores that have tusks?
walruses
154
What are elongated upper incisor teeth?
tusks
155
What is the word used to describe it when an animal or plant is no longer found alive on earth?
extinct
156
What is the word used to describe it when an animal is considered to be when type of animals or plants that still exist today are in danger of extinction?
endangered
