Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the arrangement of organisms into groups based on similarities?

Answer 1

taxonomy

Question 2

Who was the Swedish naturalist who devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification?

Answer 2

Carolus Linaeus

Question 3

Who was an English clergyman who devoted much time to natural studies and became well known for his work with plants?

Answer 3

John Ray

Question 4

What is defined by John Ray as a group of individuals derived from similar parents and themselves capable of reproducing their kind?

Answer 4

speices

Question 5

What is one of the main groups into which all organisms are derived in the Linnaean system of classification?

Answer 5

kingdom

Question 6

What is one of the main groups into which a kingdom is derived?

Answer 6

phylum

Question 7

What is the level of taxonomy between phylum and order?

Answer 7

class

Question 8

What is the level of classification between class and family?

Answer 8

order

Question 9

What is the level of classification between order and genus?

Answer 9

family

Question 10

What is the level of classification between family and species?

Answer 10

genus

Question 11

What is the lowest level of the seven main levels of the Linnaean classification system?

Answer 11

species

Question 12

What is a group of similar organisms that are all descendants from a single group of originally created organisms and may refer to a species, genus, or family?

Answer 12

kind

Question 13

What is a system of assigning scientific names to organisms by using two words for each scientific name?

Answer 13

binomial nomenclature

Question 14

What are the two words used in binomial nomenclature?

Answer 14

the genus and the species

Question 15

What are organisms that have membrane-bound nuclei and membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 15

eukaryotes

Question 16

What are organisms which don’t have membrane-bound nuclei?

Answer 16

prokaryotes

Question 17

What are the six kingdoms into which living things are commonly divided today?

Answer 17

(1) Plantae, (2) Fungi, (3) Animalia, (4) Protista, (5) Eubacteria, (6) Archaebacteria

Question 18

Which of the common six kingdoms has green plants and are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and usually perform photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Plantae

Question 19

Which of the common six kingdoms is all fungi, including yeast, molds, and mushrooms and are multicellular eukaryotes that have cells walls and do not conduct photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Fungi

Question 20

Which of the common six kingdoms consist of multicellular animals and are eukaryotes without cell walls; usually can move and collect food?

Answer 20

Animalia

Question 21

Which of the six common kingdoms are eukaryotes that are not green plants, fungi, or multicellular animals; most unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, euglena, and paramecium?

Answer 21

Protista

Question 22

Which of the six common kingdoms is true bacteria including common disease-causing bacteria; prokaryote with cell walls made of the substance peptidoglycan?

Answer 22

Eubacteria

Question 23

Which of the six common kingdoms contain prokaryotes that do not contain peptidoglycan in their cells and have other key differences from true bacteria; many live in extreme temperatures?

Answer 23

Archaebacteria

Question 24

What is any of the three larger group into which kingdoms are placed?

Answer 24

domain

Question 25

What is the supposed evolutionary relationship or organisms?

Answer 25

phylogeny

Question 26

What depicts all forms of life coming from a single lifeform?

Answer 26

phylogenic tree

Question 27

What is the supposed relationship that comes from comparing organisms' geneitc information?

Answer 27

molecular phylogeny

Question 28

What are any of the plants that have vascular tissue?

Answer 28

vascular plants

Question 29

What type of vascular plants includes angiosperms and gymnosperms?

Answer 29

seed plants

Question 30

What type of vascular plants included ferns, mosses, and others?

Answer 30

nonseed plants

Question 31

What are any of the plants that do not have vascular tissue?

Answer 31

nonvascular plants

Question 32

What are plants that produce seeds but do not have vascular tissue?

Answer 32

gymnosperms

Question 33

What type of gymnosperms are the ver familiar cone-bearing gymnosperms?

Answer 33

conifers

Question 34

What word refers to the cones that are produced by these trees and shrubs?

Answer 34

conifer

Question 35

What are the pollen-producing cones that are small and inconspicuous on a conifer?

Answer 35

staminate cones

Question 36

What are the seed-producing cones on a conifer?

Answer 36

ovulate cones

Question 37

What are conifers that have been found in the fossil record in the same strata as dinosaurs?

Answer 37

Wollemi pines

Question 38

What type of gymnosperm resembles palm tree and only grow in certain tropical and subtropical regions?

Answer 38

cycads

Question 39

What is an ornamental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fanshaped leaves?

Answer 39

ginko

Question 40

What is a small phylum of gymnosperms with varied characteristics and has only three genera?

Answer 40

gnetophytes

Question 41

What are nonflowering plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems?

Answer 41

ferns

Question 42

What are tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that can grown into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions?

Answer 42

spores

Question 43

What are small, brownish dots that are really groups of miniature spore cases?

Answer 43

sori

Question 44

What is the fern's underground stem?

Answer 44

rhyzome

Question 45

What is the marvelous process of the life cycle of a fern involving both asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 45

alternation of generation

Question 46

What is the generation stage of a fern that is the asexual stage that produces spores?

Answer 46

sporophyte

Question 47

What is the generation stage of a fern that is the generation stage that is much smaller and is the sexual stage that produces gametes?

Answer 47

gametophyte

Question 48

What is the beginning of the gametophyte generation that produces special reporductive organs?

Answer 48

prothalus

Question 49

What are creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shapes, cone-like structures and are not real mosses?

Answer 49

club mosses

Question 50

What is a typical club moss with horizontal stems that trial along the ground or grow just below the surface?

Answer 50

lycopodium

Question 51

What are vascular plants with unique, hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints?

Answer 51

horsetails

Question 52

What are nonvascular plants that lack xylem and phloem?

Answer 52

mosses

Question 53

What do botanists call mosses and liveroworts?

Answer 53

bryophytes

Question 54

What are the tiny, hair-like threads that grow into the soil to absorb water and minerals for mosses instead of roots?

Answer 54

rhizoids

Question 55

What is the gradual breakdown of minerals in rocks and the soil by means of mosses excreting chemicals?

Answer 55

chemical weathering

Question 56

What is a large, branching type of swamp-dwelling moss?

Answer 56

peat moss

Question 57

What is a composed accumulation of various, partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marches over time?

Answer 57

peat

Question 58

What are nonvascular plants that often look like tiny leves and lack true leaves, roots, and stems?

Answer 58

liverworts

Question 59

What is the smallest of the green, chlorophyll-containing organisms and are the major producers of food in aquatic environments?

Answer 59

algae

Question 60

What is the largest group of algae?

Answer 60

green algae

Question 61

What is large group of freshwater green algae with two indentical sides?

Answer 61

desmids

Question 62

What are microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms?

Answer 62

plankton

Question 63

What are differently shaped groups that single-celled green algae clump together into?

Answer 63

colonies

Question 64

What is an example of unicellular algae that live in colonies of hundreds of thousands of individual cells and live in pale-green globular colonies?

Answer 64

volvox

Question 65

What are cells of filamentous algae that contain one or more ribbon-like chloroplasts arranged in a spiral?

Answer 65

spirogyra

Question 66

What is a special type of anchoring cell that grow attached to rocks and debris to anchor the cell?

Answer 66

holdfast

Question 67

What is the most abundant life from on earth except for bacteria that is the most interesting and numerous of the yellow algae?

Answer 67

diatoms

Question 68

What are layers formed under certain conditions that form when the shells of diatoms accumulate and become packed together?

Answer 68

diatomaceous earth

Question 69

What are mostly brown algae that include the kelps, rockweeds, and gulfweeds?

Answer 69

seaweed

Question 70

What is the largest of the brown algae that grow in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and may be over 60m long?

Answer 70

kelps

Question 71

What is a type of brown algae that are attached to rocks along the seashore by holdfasts and are designed to survive in the harsh conditions of a changing environment?

Answer 71

rockweeds

Question 72

What is a type of brown algae that have a main stem with flattened, leaf-like outgrowths and branches that contain airs sacs?

Answer 72

gulfweeds

Question 73

What is a gummy substance derived from kelp and can hold several different liquids together in an emulsion?

Answer 73

algin

Question 74

What is the algae that live in the sea like brown algae and vary in color from pink and red to purple and even black? What is a common example?

Answer 74

red algae; Irish moss

Question 75

What are microscopic, one-celles, aquatic organisms found in both salt and fresh water?

Answer 75

dinoflagellates

Question 76

What is the phenomenon that occurs when a certain dinoflagellate blooms producing great quantities of a high toxic nerve poison?

Answer 76

red tide

Question 77

What type of algae commonly clump together to form colonies but are prokaryotes and thus classified under bacteria in kingdom Eubacteria?

Answer 77

blue-green algae

Question 78

What is blue-green algae commonly called?

Answer 78

cyanobacteria

Question 79

What is a genus of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria whose cells look like tiny beads or barrels?

Answer 79

anabaena

Question 80

What is the process in which plant nutrients enter an aquatic ecosystem?

Answer 80

eutrophication

Question 81

What are nonvascular, plant-like organisms that lack chrorophyll and depend upon other organisms for food?

Answer 81

fungi

Question 82

What are the thread-like structures or filaments that form the body of a fungus?

Answer 82

hyphae

Question 83

What is a microscopic, club-shaped, spore-producing structure of a culb fungus?

Answer 83

basidia

Question 84

What is the main body of a fungus formed by the body of the funus?

Answer 84

mycelium

Question 85

What are organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organisms?

Answer 85

saprophytes

Question 86

Who are scientists who study fungi?

Answer 86

mycologists

Question 87

What is a group of fungi that produce spores in club-shaped basidia?

Answer 87

club fungus

Question 88

What is a club fungus that consists of a mass of subterranean hyphae and, at reproduction, produces an umbrella shaped fruiting body?

Answer 88

mushroom

Question 89

What is an umbrella-shaped, spore-forming structure that grows quickly and contains many gills that radiate from the stalk like spokes on a wheel?

Answer 89

fruiting body

Question 90

What are in the same group of club fungi and are often found growing on tress or rotting logs?

Answer 90

shelf fungi

Question 91

What is an organism that live on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism?

Answer 91

parasite

Question 92

What is a parasitic club fungus that is named for the rusty-colored spores that hey leave on their hosts?

Answer 92

rusts

Question 93

What type of parasites must have two hosts to complete their life cycle?

Answer 93

heteroecius parasites

Question 94

What is a parasitic club fungus that produce masses of black spores on their hosts?

Answer 94

smuts

Question 95

What is a mold that is allowed to grow on cheeses as the chesses age?

Answer 95

cheese molds

Question 96

What are fungi with sac-like, spore-producing structures?

Answer 96

sac fungi

Question 97

What is a well-known sac fungus that is a small, colorless, single-celled organism that feed on foods containing sugar, converting the sugar in alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process?

Answer 97

yeast

Question 98

What is an extension of a cell that branches off and forms a new cell?

Answer 98

bud

Question 99

What are the jelly-like organisms often seeen of the bark of fallen trees?

Answer 99

slime molds

Question 100

What is a single unit formed by a fungus and an alga living in close relationship?

Answer 100

lichen

Question 101

What is a partnership between two organisms that benefits both?

Answer 101

symbiosis