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Biology > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cold-blooded animal that has dry, tough skin covered by scales; breathes with lungs; and has a three- or four-chambered heart?

A

reptile

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2
Q

What type of animals regulate their temperature by external factors?

A

cold-blooded

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3
Q

What is the technical term for an animal whose body temperature varies with the temperate of its surroundings?

A

poikilotherm

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4
Q

What means giving birth through eggs that hatch within the mother’s body?

A

ovoviviparous

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5
Q

What two creatures form the largest order of reptiles?

A

lizards and snakes

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6
Q

What are elongated, four-legged reptiles with a tapered tail, and are the most numerous reptiles?

A

lizards

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7
Q

What regions are lizards typically found in?

A

tropical regions

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8
Q

What is the only true marine lizard?

A

marine iguanas of the Galapagos islands

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9
Q

What is the largest lizard?

A

Komodo dragon

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10
Q

What type of lizard family does the Komodo dragon belong to?

A

monitor lizard

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11
Q

What are legless vertebrates with long, cylindrical bodies covered with dry scales?

A

snakes

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12
Q

What is the movement in which a snake bends into a series of curves while keeping its body flat to the ground?

A

lateral undulation

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13
Q

What is the movement in which a snake alternately stretches and shortens segments of its body to creep forwards in a straight line?

A

rectilinear movement

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14
Q

What is the movement in which a snake moves the front part of its body forwards, coils it slightly to anchor it, and then pulls the back part forward?

A

concertina movement

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15
Q

What is the movement in which a snake supports its body with a few points of contact while throwing the rest of its body sideways?

A

sidewinding movement

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16
Q

What do snakes have instead of eyelids?

A

transparent scales

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17
Q

What are bones that loosely attach a snake’s lower jaw to the skull?

A

quadrate bones

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18
Q

What in a snake is the primary instrument for smelling?

A

tongue

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19
Q

What is the two tiny cavities in the roof of a snake’s mouth that contain odor-sensitive nerve endings?

A

Jacobson’s organ

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20
Q

What usual feature does the snake have that allows it to open its mouth unusually wide?

A

double-hinged jaws

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21
Q

What type of pupils do diurnal snakes have?

A

round pupils

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22
Q

What type of pupils do nocturnal snakes have?

A

slitted pupils

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23
Q

What happens when a snake is swallowing something so that the trachea does not become obstructed?

A

the trachea is forced forward over the tongue and out of its mouth

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24
Q

What are zoologists who study reptiles and amphibians?

A

herpetologists

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25
What are any of the several, small, harmless, worm-like burrowing snakes?
blind snakes
26
What is a more familiar family of nonvenomous snakes that overcome their prey by constriction?
boid family
27
What are members of the boid family more commonly called?
constrictors
28
What is another family of constrictors that are distinguished from boids by being oviporous?
pythons
29
What is the largest group of all living snakes?
colubrids
30
What are hollow or grooved venom-injecting teeth?
fangs
31
What are venomous snakes that have immovable fangs in the front of the upper jaw?
elapids
32
What is the largest venomous snake?
king cobra
33
What is the family that contains the viper of the Old World and the pit vipers?
viperid family
34
What is a viperid that has a heat-sensitive pit organ on each side of its head?
pit viper
35
What is a poison which affects the nervous system?
neurotoxin
36
What is a poison which damages blood vessels and destroys red blood cells?
hemotoxin
37
What are antibodies that attach the toxin materials and neutralize their effects?
antitoxins
38
What is a reptile with a shell and toothless jaws?
turtle
39
What is the upper shell of a turtle?
carapace
40
What is the lower part of a turtle's shell?
plastron
41
What are the sections of the inner layer of a turtle's shell?
plates
42
What is the tough, horny center layer of a shell made of keratinized epidermal shell?
shields
43
What is a state of summer dormancy or limited activity that some turtles go into?
estivaion
44
Although turtles are toothless and thus cannot grind their food, what can they do?
chop their food with their sharp, powerful jaws
45
What are the turtle's eardrums calleD?
tympanic membranes
46
What type of turtles have a flat, hardened carapace made of large keratin scales?
hard-shelled turtles
47
What is a group of large turtles that have strong, sharp-edged jaws?
snapping turtles
48
What is the largest freshwater turtle?
alligator snapping turtle
49
What type of turtles have a round, flaw carapace covered with flexible, leathery skin?
soft-shelled turtles
50
What are the largest living turtles?
marine turtles
51
What are land turtles with feet and claws suited for terrestrial life?
tortoises
52
What are large, thick-skinned, long-tailed aquatic reptiles?
crocodilians
53
What do all crocodilians have on their eyes to help them see underwater?
nictating membranes
54
What is a lizard-like reptile that inhabits a few rocky islands off the coast the New Zealand?
tuatara
55
What is the "third eye" of a tuatara?
partetial eye
56
What is the most famous of all extinct creatures that resemble modern-day reptiles?
dinosaurs
57
Which group of dinosaurs is characterized by powerful lower legs used for walking and smaller "arms" used for grasping?
theropods
58
Which group of dinosaurs were large herbivorous animals characterized by long necks and tall, column-like legs?
sauropods
59
Which group of dinosaurs is included the Triceratops?
ceratopsians
60
What were flying creatures characterized by long wings, large beaks, and fur-covered bodies?
pterosaurs
61
What are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in both land and water?
amphibians
62
What is the larval state of an anuran called?
tadpole
63
What are the three orders of living amphibians?
frogs and toad, salamanders, and caecilians
64
What type of diet best-describes a developing frog?
herbivore
65
What type of diet best describes a fully grown frog?
carnivore
66
What is the transformation of an immature form, such as a larva, into an adult?
metamorphosis
67
How many chambers do all amphibians have?
three
68
What are frogs and toads known collectively as?
anurans
69
What are branched pigment cells found in the skin of reptiles, amphibians, and fish?
chromatophores
70
What is the outer epidermal layer of anurans, which provide the skin with some protection against loss of water made of?
keratin
71
What type of frogs process an extremely potent neurotoxin?
poison-dart frog
72
What is the world's largest anuran?
Goliath frog
73
Where do the majority of anurans return to for reproduction?
the water
74
What is the process in which a male frog clasps a female frog to help her expel her eggs?
amplexus
75
What nourishes the developing embryo of a frog?
yolk sac
76
How does a tadpole breath until it develops lungs?
gills
77
What are transparent inner eyelids that most frogs have?
nictitating membrane
78
What is one of the most prominent features of the oral cavity in a frog?
tongue
79
What are inflatable pouches of skin under the chin that are used to make loud sounds?
vocal sacs
80
What are the two teeth that extend from the roof of an anuran's mouth?
vomerine teeth
81
What is a special membrane heat holds the pancreas in place between the stomach and the small instine?
mesentery
82
What does the respiratory system of an adult frog include?
the lungs, the mucous membrane lining the oral cavity, and the skin
83
What is respiration through the membranes lining the oral cavity?
buccal respiration
84
What is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the skin?
cutaneous respiration
85
What are amphibians that superficially resemble lizards?
salamanders
86
What is a gelatinous sperm-containing structure deposited by a male salamander for fertilization?
spermatophore
87
What is a condition in which an animal retain larval characteristics even after becoming sexually mature?
pedomorphosis
88
What is the largst living amphibian?
Chinese giant salamander
89
What is an aquatic salamander common in the United States?
mudpuppy
90
What is an aquatic salamander common in Mexico and the southwestern United States?
axolotls
91
What is the term referring to the terrestrial juvenile forms of certain salamanders whose adult forms are called newts?
eft
92
What are worm-life burrowing amphibians?
caecilians

Biology (22 decks)

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