Chapter 19

Question 1

What are cold-blooded, water-dwelling creatures?

Answer 1

fish

Question 2

What type of fish catches sight of an insect resting above the surface of the water and then takes aim and spits a stream of watery “arrows” at its prey?

Answer 2

archerfish

Question 3

What type of fish has beautiful fins that resemble a bird’s feathers but are sharp as needles and inject deadly venom?

Answer 3

lionfish

Question 4

What type of fish is covered with protective spines that can swell up into a prickly balloon by filling itself with water?

Answer 4

porcupine fish

Question 5

What type of fish uses its swim bladder as a lung and can breath on the surface of the water?

Answer 5

lungfish

Question 6

What is a broad, flat fish that makes its home on the sandy to muddy bottoms of shallow, warm waters?

Answer 6

stingray

Question 7

What is the world’s smallest known fish?

Answer 7

carp

Question 8

What is the world’s largest fish?

Answer 8

whale shark

Question 9

What is the fish that projects itself up out of the water?

Answer 9

California flying fish

Question 10

What type of fish have skeletons made either partially or wholly of bone?

Answer 10

bony fish

Question 11

Who are scientists who study fish?

Answer 11

ichthyologists

Question 12

What is the front portion of the fish’s body that extends from the mouth to the back of the gill covers?

Answer 12

head

Question 13

What is the portion of a fish extending from the back of the gill covers to the urogenital opening?

Answer 13

trunk

Question 14

What is the portion of a fish extending from the rear of the trunk to the base of the tail fin?

Answer 14

tail

Question 15

What are the front gill covers on a fish?

Answer 15

operculum

Question 16

What is the largest part of a fish’s body?

Answer 16

trunk

Question 17

What are the most predominant features of the trunk and tail of a fish?

Answer 17

fins

Question 18

What type of fins are located just behind the head on each side of the body?

Answer 18

pectoral fins

Question 19

What type of fins are located to the rear of the pectoral fins and lower on the trunk?

Answer 19

pectoral fins

Question 20

What are fins that project from the center line of the body

Answer 20

median fins

Question 21

What type of fins serve as the fish’s propellor and rudder?

Answer 21

caudal fin

Question 22

What produces a slimy mucus that makes fish slippery and gives them their fishy odor?

Answer 22

mucus cells

Question 23

What are special pigment cells that give fish their richly varies colors?

Answer 23

chromatophores

Question 24

What are small, body projections located just beneath the epidermis in the dermis of the skin?

Answer 24

scales

Question 25

What part of a fish consists of many separate vertebrae of bone or cartilage?

Answer 25

backbone

Question 26

What are W-shaped bands that the fish's muscle is arranged in?

Answer 26

myomere

Question 27

What are special organs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between that water and the fish's blood?

Answer 27

gills

Question 28

What is a curved arch of cartilage that supports a fish's gill filaments?

Answer 28

gill arch

Question 29

What are long, narrow portions of a fish's gill in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged?

Answer 29

gill filaments

Question 30

What is the gill cover of a fish?

Answer 30

operculum

Question 31

What is the chamber located beneath the operculum that contains a fish's gills?

Answer 31

gill chamber

Question 32

What is the vane-like projection from the front of a fish's gill arch that helps strain food particles and other debris out of the water?

Answer 32

gill rakers

Question 33

What is a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries, broadly similar to that of mammals, birds, and reptiles?

Answer 33

cardiovascular system

Question 34

How many chambers does a fish's heart have?

Answer 34

two

Question 35

What is a spiral divider in sharks and rays that absorbs nutrients?

Answer 35

spiral valve

Question 36

What is a system of special nerve ending that extends over a fish's head and the sides of its body?

Answer 36

lateral line

Question 37

Where are the gamete excreted from a fish?

Answer 37

urogenital opening

Question 38

What are the reproductive organs of a fish?

Answer 38

gametes

Question 39

What means to lay eggs?

Answer 39

spawn

Question 40

What is a hollow, gas-filled chamber that allows a fish to adjust its buoyance so that it can remain stationary at a fixed point?

Answer 40

swim bladder

Question 41

What are fish that have skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone?

Answer 41

cartilaginous fish

Question 42

What two things do all cartilaginous fish have?

Answer 42

jaws and a cartilaginous skeleton

Question 43

What are tooth-like scales that the skin of sharks, rays, chimaeras are covered with?

Answer 43

denticles

Question 44

What type of reproduction do sharks and rays have?

Answer 44

viviparous

Question 45

What is generally the most feared by man of all the creatures that roam the oceans?

Answer 45

sharks

Question 46

How can sharks be easily distinguished from most other fish?

Answer 46

their asymmetrical caudal fins

Question 47

What keen sense does the shark bring into play that is the best in the animal kingdom?

Answer 47

smell

Question 48

What runs along a shark's body from snout to ail and is extremely sensitive to vibrations and can detect vibrations from an animal in the water for great distances?

Answer 48

lateral line

Question 49

What is the most feared shark?

Answer 49

great white shark

Question 50

What are cartilaginous fish with a broad, flat body and generally a long, whip-like tail?

Answer 50

rays

Question 51

What is the most dangerous ray?

Answer 51

stingray

Question 52

What are openings located just behind a ray's eyes to breathe?

Answer 52

spiracles

Question 53

What are the only rays that are oviparous?

Answer 53

skates

Question 54

What are medium-size cartilaginous fish with huge eyes; a long, slender, pointed tail; and opercula?

Answer 54

chimaeras

Question 55

What are jawless cartilaginous fish whose mouth is a round sucking organ with a toothed-tongue?

Answer 55

lampreys

Question 56

What are jawless cartilaginous fish with a slit-like mouth and no sucking organ?

Answer 56

hagfish

Question 57

What are the only cartilaginous fish that have an operculum?

Answer 57

chimeras