Chapter 18 Memory

Question 1

The first evidence that the temporal lobes had a role in memory was provided by __________.

a. Ebbinghaus
b. Lashley
c. Bekhterev
d. Scoville

Answer 1

c. Bekhterev

Question 2

Which question would be most difficult for H.M. to answer correctly?

a. What was your mother’s maiden name?
b. How many days are there in three weeks?
c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?
d. H.M. would find all of these questions difficult.

Answer 2

c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?

Question 3

H.M.’s performance on the mirror-drawing task demonstrates his ability to display __________.

a. implicit memory formation
b. anterograde amnesia
c. logical reasoning
d. priming

Answer 3

a. implicit memory formation

Question 4

Nadel and Moscovitch’s multiple-trace theory contends that there are three types of memory. Which type of memory is NOT included in their theory?

a. procedural
b. general semantic
c. autobiographical
d. factual semantic

Answer 4

a. procedural

Question 5

According to the theories presented (consolidation theory, multiple-trace theory, reconsolidation theory), which is NOT a variable in retrograde amnesia?

a. hemispheric specialization
b. the number of times a memory is used
c. memory storage
d. the type of memory

Answer 5

a. hemispheric specialization

Question 6

Which is NOT a part of explicit memory functioning?

a. semantic memory
b. bottom-up processing
c. intentional remembering
d. episodic memory

Answer 6

b. bottom-up processing

Question 7

The patient known as H.M. shows memory performance equal to that of normal control subjects in memory studies that include which manipulation?

a. visual search
b. spatial learning
c. mood congruence
d. priming

Answer 7

d. priming

Question 8

Which is a good way to test for implicit priming of memory?

a. the mirror-drawing task
b. the Gollin test
c. analogies
d. all of the above

Answer 8

b. the Gollin test

Question 9

According to Tulving, autonoetic awareness-which is compromised with some types of frontal lobe damage-is best described as consciousness of

a. one’s own spatial location.
b. the functioning of one’s sympathetic nervous system.
c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.
d. each of the distinct sensory experiences that are part of somatosensation.

Answer 9

c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.

Question 10

Both Ammon’s horn and the dentate gyrus are components of which brain structure that is crucial to learning and memory?

a. the amygdala
b. the hypothalamus
c. the cerebellum
d. the hippocampus

Answer 10

d. the hippocampus

Question 11

According to Petri and Mishkin, the __________ is NOT part of the proposed implicit memory system.

a. ventral thalamus
b. premotor cortex
c. hippocampus
d. basal ganglia

Answer 11

c. hippocampus

Question 12

The __________ connects the hippocampus with the posterior neocortex.

a. perforant pathway
b. fimbria-fornix
c. hippocampal commissure
d. stria terminalis

Answer 12

a. perforant pathway

Question 13

__________ is least affected by right temporal lobe damage.

a. Face recognition
b. Spatial position
c. Recall of consonant trigrams
d. Maze learning

Answer 13

c. Recall of consonant trigrams

Question 14

“HERA” stands for __________.

a. high emotional retrograde amnesia
b. hippocampal-entorhinal retrograde amnesia
c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry
d. hologram encoding retrieval assessment

Answer 14

c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry

Question 15

Evidence from Korsakoff’s patients suggests that the __________ is/are involved in global amnesia.

a. frontal lobes
b. medial thalamus
c. basal cholinergic system
d. perirhinal cortex

Answer 15

b. medial thalamus

Question 16

DEPTH-OF-PROCESSING EFFECT

Answer 16

giving thought to a meaning or shape of an object improves subsequent recall

Question 17

PRIMING

Answer 17

experimental technique by which a stimulus is used to sensitize the nervous system to a later presentation of the same or similar stimulus

Question 18

EMOTIONAL MEMORY

Answer 18

memory that is arousing, vivid, and available upon prompting

Question 19

IMPLICIT MEMORY

Answer 19

memory in which subjects can demonstrate knowledge but cannot explicitly retrieve the knowledge

Question 20

EXPLICIT MEMORY

Answer 20

memory in which subjects can retrieve an item and indicate that they know the item

Question 21

RECONSOLIDATED MEMORY

Answer 21

memory that reenters a labile phase when recalled and is then restored as a new memory

Question 22

RECONSOLIDATED THEORY

Answer 22

proposes that memories rarely consist of a single trace or neural substrate

Question 23

MULTIPLE-TRACE THEORY

Answer 23

postulates (1) multiple kinds of amnesia and (2) changes in memory with passage of time

Question 24

CONSOLIDATION THEORY

Answer 24

states that the role of the hippocampus is to consolidate new memories, making them permanent

Question 25

TIME-DEPENDENT RETROGRADE AMNESIA

Answer 25

severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends

Question 26

TIME-DEPENDENT AMNESIA

Answer 26

amnesia that lasts for a brief period

Question 27

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

Answer 27

inability to remember events that took pace before onset of amnesia

Question 28

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

Answer 28

inability to remember events after a brain disturbance (injury, shock, disease)

Question 29

TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA

Answer 29

short-lived, characterized by memory loss; may result from transient ischemia episodes

Question 30

FUGUE STATE

Answer 30

transient disturbance of consciousness in which a person performs purposeful acts but has no recollection of those actions

Question 31

INFANTILE AMNESIA

Answer 31

inability to remember events from infancy or early childhood

Question 32

AMNESIA

Answer 32

partial or total memory loss

Question 33

SYNESTHESIA

Answer 33

ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as a sensation of a different sense, e.g., when sound produces a sensation of color

Question 34

ASPERGER'S SYNDROME

Answer 34

person has good verbal communication but unusual difficulty with social communication; called high-functioning autism

Question 35

WORKING MEMORY

Answer 35

short-term memory; memory for info just received, necessary for "on line" performance of a task

Question 36

SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Answer 36

form of memory postulated by Broadbent in which info is stored for no more than 15 minutes

Question 37

CLASSICAL (PAVLOVIAN) CONDITIONING

Answer 37

unconscious learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes behavior

Question 38

HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA

Answer 38

hereditary disease characterized by chorea (involuntary, jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death

Question 39

CONFABULATION

Answer 39

recitation of imaginary experiences to fill gaps in memory

Question 40

FIMBRIA-FORNIX

Answer 40

anatomical pathway from septal region to hippocampus

Question 41

PERFORANT PATHWAY

Answer 41

large anatomical pathway connecting entorhinal and subiculum with hippocampal formation

Question 42

GRANULE CELLS

Answer 42

round neurons (vs. pyramidal cells)

Question 43

DENTATE GYRUS

Answer 43

a region of hippocampal formation

Question 44

AMMON'S HORN

Answer 44

part of hippocampus

Question 45

SEMANTIC MEMORY

Answer 45

memory of world knowledge stored independently of the time and space it was acquired

Question 46

UNCINATE FASCICULUS

Answer 46

fiber tract connecting temporal and frontal cortex; a hooked or curved tract

Question 47

EPISODIC MEMORY

Answer 47

autobiographic memory, of events that took place in a specifiable time and place

Question 48

STUDY-TEST MODALITY SHIFT

Answer 48

poorer performance when presented with info in one modality and tested in another (vs. in being instructed and tested in same modality)