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SCAF final > Chapter 18 Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Memory Flashcards

1
Q

The first evidence that the temporal lobes had a role in memory was provided by __________.

a. Ebbinghaus
b. Lashley
c. Bekhterev
d. Scoville

A

c. Bekhterev

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2
Q

Which question would be most difficult for H.M. to answer correctly?

a. What was your mother’s maiden name?
b. How many days are there in three weeks?
c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?
d. H.M. would find all of these questions difficult.

A

c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?

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3
Q

H.M.’s performance on the mirror-drawing task demonstrates his ability to display __________.

a. implicit memory formation
b. anterograde amnesia
c. logical reasoning
d. priming

A

a. implicit memory formation

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4
Q

Nadel and Moscovitch’s multiple-trace theory contends that there are three types of memory. Which type of memory is NOT included in their theory?

a. procedural
b. general semantic
c. autobiographical
d. factual semantic

A

a. procedural

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5
Q

According to the theories presented (consolidation theory, multiple-trace theory, reconsolidation theory), which is NOT a variable in retrograde amnesia?

a. hemispheric specialization
b. the number of times a memory is used
c. memory storage
d. the type of memory

A

a. hemispheric specialization

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6
Q

Which is NOT a part of explicit memory functioning?

a. semantic memory
b. bottom-up processing
c. intentional remembering
d. episodic memory

A

b. bottom-up processing

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7
Q

The patient known as H.M. shows memory performance equal to that of normal control subjects in memory studies that include which manipulation?

a. visual search
b. spatial learning
c. mood congruence
d. priming

A

d. priming

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8
Q

Which is a good way to test for implicit priming of memory?

a. the mirror-drawing task
b. the Gollin test
c. analogies
d. all of the above

A

b. the Gollin test

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9
Q

According to Tulving, autonoetic awareness-which is compromised with some types of frontal lobe damage-is best described as consciousness of

a. one’s own spatial location.
b. the functioning of one’s sympathetic nervous system.
c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.
d. each of the distinct sensory experiences that are part of somatosensation.

A

c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.

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10
Q

Both Ammon’s horn and the dentate gyrus are components of which brain structure that is crucial to learning and memory?

a. the amygdala
b. the hypothalamus
c. the cerebellum
d. the hippocampus

A

d. the hippocampus

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11
Q

According to Petri and Mishkin, the __________ is NOT part of the proposed implicit memory system.

a. ventral thalamus
b. premotor cortex
c. hippocampus
d. basal ganglia

A

c. hippocampus

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12
Q

The __________ connects the hippocampus with the posterior neocortex.

a. perforant pathway
b. fimbria-fornix
c. hippocampal commissure
d. stria terminalis

A

a. perforant pathway

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13
Q

__________ is least affected by right temporal lobe damage.

a. Face recognition
b. Spatial position
c. Recall of consonant trigrams
d. Maze learning

A

c. Recall of consonant trigrams

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14
Q

“HERA” stands for __________.

a. high emotional retrograde amnesia
b. hippocampal-entorhinal retrograde amnesia
c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry
d. hologram encoding retrieval assessment

A

c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry

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15
Q

Evidence from Korsakoff’s patients suggests that the __________ is/are involved in global amnesia.

a. frontal lobes
b. medial thalamus
c. basal cholinergic system
d. perirhinal cortex

A

b. medial thalamus

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16
Q

DEPTH-OF-PROCESSING EFFECT

A

giving thought to a meaning or shape of an object improves subsequent recall

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17
Q

PRIMING

A

experimental technique by which a stimulus is used to sensitize the nervous system to a later presentation of the same or similar stimulus

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18
Q

EMOTIONAL MEMORY

A

memory that is arousing, vivid, and available upon prompting

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19
Q

IMPLICIT MEMORY

A

memory in which subjects can demonstrate knowledge but cannot explicitly retrieve the knowledge

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20
Q

EXPLICIT MEMORY

A

memory in which subjects can retrieve an item and indicate that they know the item

21
Q

RECONSOLIDATED MEMORY

A

memory that reenters a labile phase when recalled and is then restored as a new memory

22
Q

RECONSOLIDATED THEORY

A

proposes that memories rarely consist of a single trace or neural substrate

23
Q

MULTIPLE-TRACE THEORY

A

postulates (1) multiple kinds of amnesia and (2) changes in memory with passage of time

24
Q

CONSOLIDATION THEORY

A

states that the role of the hippocampus is to consolidate new memories, making them permanent

25
Q

TIME-DEPENDENT RETROGRADE AMNESIA

A

severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends

26
Q

TIME-DEPENDENT AMNESIA

A

amnesia that lasts for a brief period

27
Q

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

A

inability to remember events that took pace before onset of amnesia

28
Q

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

A

inability to remember events after a brain disturbance (injury, shock, disease)

29
Q

TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA

A

short-lived, characterized by memory loss; may result from transient ischemia episodes

30
Q

FUGUE STATE

A

transient disturbance of consciousness in which a person performs purposeful acts but has no recollection of those actions

31
Q

INFANTILE AMNESIA

A

inability to remember events from infancy or early childhood

32
Q

AMNESIA

A

partial or total memory loss

33
Q

SYNESTHESIA

A

ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as a sensation of a different sense, e.g., when sound produces a sensation of color

34
Q

ASPERGER’S SYNDROME

A

person has good verbal communication but unusual difficulty with social communication; called high-functioning autism

35
Q

WORKING MEMORY

A

short-term memory; memory for info just received, necessary for “on line” performance of a task

36
Q

SHORT-TERM MEMORY

A

form of memory postulated by Broadbent in which info is stored for no more than 15 minutes

37
Q

CLASSICAL (PAVLOVIAN) CONDITIONING

A

unconscious learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes behavior

38
Q

HUNTINGTON’S CHOREA

A

hereditary disease characterized by chorea (involuntary, jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death

39
Q

CONFABULATION

A

recitation of imaginary experiences to fill gaps in memory

40
Q

FIMBRIA-FORNIX

A

anatomical pathway from septal region to hippocampus

41
Q

PERFORANT PATHWAY

A

large anatomical pathway connecting entorhinal and subiculum with hippocampal formation

42
Q

GRANULE CELLS

A

round neurons (vs. pyramidal cells)

43
Q

DENTATE GYRUS

A

a region of hippocampal formation

44
Q

AMMON’S HORN

A

part of hippocampus

45
Q

SEMANTIC MEMORY

A

memory of world knowledge stored independently of the time and space it was acquired

46
Q

UNCINATE FASCICULUS

A

fiber tract connecting temporal and frontal cortex; a hooked or curved tract

47
Q

EPISODIC MEMORY

A

autobiographic memory, of events that took place in a specifiable time and place

48
Q

STUDY-TEST MODALITY SHIFT

A

poorer performance when presented with info in one modality and tested in another (vs. in being instructed and tested in same modality)

SCAF final (16 decks)

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