Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DevBio ni Ma'am K > Chapter 18- Reporting > Flashcards

Chapter 18- Reporting Flashcards

1
Q

– the ability of an organism
to react to an environmental input with a
change in form, state, movement, or rate of
activity

A

phenotypic plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

refers to the ability of
an organism to adapt and change its physical
characteristics or behavior in response to
environmental cues or stimuli during its
development

A

developmental plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the genome encodes
potential for a continuous range of potential
phenotypes, and the environment the individual encounters determines the phenotype.

A

reaction norm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to discontinuous
phenotypes elicited by the environment

A

polyphenisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • The phenomenon where an organism’s
    physical characteristics or traits are
    influenced by its diet.
A

diet- induced polyphenisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is determined by diet-induced changes in
DNA methylation patterns

A

honeybee caste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A phenomenon where an organism exhibits
traits in response to the presence of
predators. This adaptation allows the
organism to better survive and avoid
predation

A

predator- induced polyphenisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemicals that are
released by a predator and can induce
defenses in its prey

A

kairomones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

it can act as an environmental factor that
influences various aspects of life, including
sex determination in certain species

A

temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

an individual’s sexual behavior usually
corresponds with its reproductive organs

A

environmental determination of sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the process of adding a molecule (methyl group) to DNA that can alter how genes are
expressed.

A

DNA methylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

was conducted to observe how
maternal grooming affects DNA
methylation and behavior in adult rats.

A

Epigenetic Programming
by Maternal Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

provides remarkable examples of
phenotypic plasticity.
* New neurons are generated during this
process.

A

learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transmits electrical impulses via two
optic nerves that converge at the optic
chiasm, delivering signals to both
hemispheres of the brain.

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This process is facilitated by the lateral
geniculate nuclei, which ensure that each
eye’s input is kept distinct, enabling
binocular vision and depth perception

A

experiential changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

They sewed shut the right eyelids of newborn kittens and left them closed for three months.

A

Hubel and Wiesel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two principles govern the patterning of the
mammalian visual system:

A
  • neuronal connections involved are present even before animal sees
  • experience plays a crucial role in determining whether or not certain connections persist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • which allows many species
    of insects and mammals to survive harsh
    conditions.
  • a suspension of development that
    can occur at the embryonic, larval, pupal, or
    adult stage, depending on the species.
A

diapause

18
Q

cues beginning before the
severe conditions arise

A

presage

19
Q

the sperm are
stored for later use

A

delayed fertilization

20
Q

the blastocyst remains unimplanted in the uterus, and the rate of cell division diminishes.

A

delayed implantation

21
Q

embryos conceived in autumn will be born in spring rather than winter

A

season diapause

22
Q

the ability of marine larvae to
suspend development until they experience a
particular environmental cue.

A

larval settlement

23
Q

are responsible for regulating the larval settlement process in many
marine invertebrate

A

biofilms

24
Q

They will change their
development according to an
environmental stress

A

spadefoot toad

25
Q

denotes the intimate
interrelationship between organisms of
disparate species.
* Typically, one organism assumes the role of
the host, while the other serves as the
symbiont, often displaying a significant size
differential.

A

symbiosis

26
Q

types of symbiosis

A

parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism

27
Q

Characterized by one partner
benefiting at the expense of the other,
exemplified by instances such as tapeworm
infestations within the human digestive tract

A

parasitism

28
Q

Signifying a reciprocal
beneficial association, as seen in the
partnership between the Egyptian plover
and the Nile crocodile.

A

mutualism

29
Q

Reflecting a relationship
where one participant derives benefit
without causing harm to the other, albeit
with few occurrences presenting as truly
neutral.

A

commensalism

30
Q

Refers to the scenario wherein one cell
resides within another, elucidating the
evolutionary origins of eukaryotic cell organelles.

A

endosymbiosis

31
Q

Importance of symbiosis

A
  • vital for terrestrial existence
  • conversion of atmospheric nitrogen and indispensable symbioses between fungi and plants
32
Q
  • Refers to the transfer of symbionts from one
    generation to the next via germ cells,
    typically eggs
A

vertical transmission

33
Q

utilized host cell mechanisms to
travel into developing oocytes, eventually
becoming endosymbionts.

A

wolbachia

34
Q
  • Involves the acquisition of symbionts after
    birth, either from the environment or other
    members of the species.
  • is essential for
    symbiotic gut bacteria in many animals,
    including humans.
A

horizontal transmission

35
Q

secretes fragments of its cell
wall, including tracheal cytotoxin and
lipopolysaccharide, to induce host changes

A

Vibrio fischeri

36
Q

Benefits of symbiosis

A
  • gains a habitat and expresses light- generating enzymes
  • develops light organ, enabling nocturnal swimming in shallow waters without casting shadows.
37
Q

species rely on each
other to the extent that neither can survive
independently.

A

obligate developmental mutualism

38
Q

a potent herbicide, can disrupt
obligate mutualisms by killing algal
symbionts essential for oxygen supply to
amphibian and snail eggs.

A

atrazine

39
Q

a human parasite, relies on
Wolbachia bacteria for development.

A

filariasis worm

40
Q

has occurred, with mammalian
cells primed to bind to bacteria, inducing
gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells.

A

coevolution

41
Q

crucial for mucosal immunity and oral immune tolerance, is dependent on intestinal microbes

A

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) maturation

42
Q

play a significant role in inducing the host’s immune system

A

bacterial polysaccharide-A (PSA)

DevBio ni Ma'am K (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions