Chapter 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Phenotype
Observable, measurable characteristics of an organism
Animalia
A class of living things that includes all organisms that are heterotrophs (they eat ofther organisms to obtain energy)
Mammalia
An order of animals characterized by traits that include, among others, effective internal temperature generation and regulation and mammary glands
Homo sapiens
The genus and species names for modern humans
Morphology
The internal and external form and structure of an organism
Useful for: Aging, sexing, stature, phylogeny (ancestral and derived traits)
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms; shows the evolutionary relationship between various organisms
Ancestral trait
Characteristic found in an ancestor and all (or most) of its descendants
Derived Trait
Characteristic found only in one descendant branch and not in the ancestral form
Shared Derived Trait
Characteristic found in more than one, but not all, descendant forms and not in the common ancestor
Epithelial Tissue
Tissues that cover the surfaces of our bodies
Three Types of Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle: Walls of blood vessels, stomach, and intestines
Skeletal Muscle: Connects to skeleton. Responsible for movement
Cardiac Muscle: Powers the contractions of the heart
Foramen Magnum
Opening on the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
Connective Tissue
Tissues responsible for the internal cohesion of th ebody
Dental Formula
One quarter of the full complement of teeth, counted from the centerline of the mouth back toward the throat
Human dental formula: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars
Vertebral Column
Bony protection for the spinal cord consisting of vertebrae
Os Coxae
Two sets of three bones each that are fused to the sacrum and make up the pelvic girdle
Endocrine Glands
Tissues that secrete hormones
Hormones
Chemical agents produced in the endocrine glands that cause specific effects on target cells
Placentals
Mammals that have a placenta (the organ that links the circulatory systems of the fetus and mother in the uterus during gestation)
Mammary Glands
Glands in female mammals that produce a high-fat nutrient milk for the offspring
Suture
Anatomical line where the bony plates of the skull join together
Major Areas of Skeleton
Skull(cranium, mandible, teeth), vertebral column, rib cage, shoulder girldle and upper limb, pelvic girldle and lower limb
Circulatory System
Components: Blood, blood vessels, heart
- Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste materials (to the kidney)
- Regulates body temperature
Respiratory System
Consists of the lungs and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
