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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 Human Body In Health And Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Human Body In Health And Disease Flashcards

0
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

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1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Anter/o

A

Before, front

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3
Q

Caud/o

A

Lower part of body, tail

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4
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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5
Q

Cyt/o -cyte

A

Cell

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6
Q

End- endo-

A

In, within, inside

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7
Q

Exo-

A

Out of, outside, away from

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8
Q

Hist/o histi/o

A

Tissue

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9
Q

Path/o -pathy

A

Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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10
Q

Plas/i plas/o -plasia

A

Development, growth, formation

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11
Q

Poster/o

A

Behind, toward the back

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12
Q

-stasis -static

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level

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13
Q

Physi/o physic/o

A

Nature or physical

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14
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

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15
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the organ or body

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16
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in the front

Front or forward part of an organ

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17
Q

Posterior

A

Situated in the back

Back part of an organ

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18
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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19
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the lower part of the body

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20
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a structure

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21
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

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22
Q

Medial

A

The direction toward, or nearer, the midline

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23
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity or thorax
Surrounds and protects heart/lungs
Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm

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24
Q

Iatrogenic illness

A

Unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment

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25
Q

Idiopathic disorder

A

Illness without known cause

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26
Q

Infectious disease

A

Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

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27
Q

Congenital disorder

A

Abnormal condition existing at time of birth

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28
Q

Idi/o

A

Peculiar to the individual

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29
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, socialization difficulties

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30
Q

Geriatrician

A

Physician who specializes in care of older people

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31
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Disease acquired in hospital or clinical setting

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32
Q

Umbilical region

A

Center of abdominal wall
Belly button
Navel

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33
Q

Right and left iliac regions

A

Located over hip bones

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34
Q

Right and left lumbar regions

A

Located near inward curve of spine

Between ribs and pelvis

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35
Q

Right and left hypochondriac regions

A

Covered by lower ribs

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36
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Located below the stomach

37
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Material within cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

38
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum

39
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

40
Q

Peritoneum

A

Multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity

41
Q

Mesentery

A

Fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

42
Q

Epigastric region

A

Located above the stomach

43
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Located along front of body and contains organs that sustain homeostasis

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

Process through which body maintains constant internal environment

45
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains major organs of digestion

46
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Formed by hip bones

Contains reproductive and excretory systems

47
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Known as midline

Divides body into equal left and right halves

48
Q

Stem cells

A

Somatic or embryonic

Undifferentiated cells that can change into any cell

49
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Inherited red blood cell disorders

50
Q

DNA

A

Located on pairs of chromosomes in cell nucleus

Contains thousands of genes that provide info for heredity

51
Q

Chromosomes

A

46 in humans

Determines traits

52
Q

Genetic disorder

A

Pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene

53
Q

Histology

A

Study of structure, composition, and function of tissues

54
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

Harmful quantities of fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in brain
Results in early death

55
Q

Huntingtons disease

A

Causes nerve degeneration that appear in midlife

Results in uncontrolled movements and loss of mental abilities

57
Q

A-

A

Without

58
Q

Anaplasia

A

Change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other

Characteristic of tumor formation

59
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects respiratory and digestive systems

60
Q

Hemophilia

A

Group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which blood clotting factor is missing

61
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that cause movement

62
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Genetic disorder in which essential digestive enzyme is missing
Can be detected by blood test at birth
Dietary supervision is good
No care causes retardation

63
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin

64
Q

Retro-

A

Behind

65
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior portions

66
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Group of inherited red blood cell disorders transmitted by recessive gene

67
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in number of cells

68
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

69
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Enlargement of an organ or tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells

70
Q

Hypertrophy

A

General increase in bulk of body part or organ due to increase of cell size in the tissue

71
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

Spread of disease through contact with blood or body fluids contaminated with blood

72
Q

Communicable disease

A

Any condition transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

73
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

Spread of disease due to bite of a vector such as mosquito, dog, rats, fleas, ticks

74
Q

Adenectomy

A

Surgical removal of a gland

75
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor that originates in a glandular tissue

76
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

77
Q

Adenomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of a gland

78
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland

79
Q

Endemic

A

Ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

80
Q

Dem/i

Dem/o

A

Population

81
Q

Epidemic

A

Sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area

82
Q

Epi-

A

Above

83
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

84
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Produce hormones directly into blood stream

85
Q

Functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomic cause can be identified

86
Q

Pandemic

A

Outbreak of disease occurring over large geographic area, possibly worldwide

87
Q

Pan-

A

Entire

88
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the causes of a disease

89
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structures in the body

90
Q

Physiology

A

Study of functions of the structures of the body

91
Q

Peritoneum

A

Multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity

103
Q

Aplasia

A

Defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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