Chapter 4 The Muscular System Flashcards
(97 cards)
0
Q
Anti-
A
Against
1
Q
A-
An-
A
No, not, without, away from, negative
2
Q
Asthen-
-asthenia
A
Weakness, lack of strength
3
Q
Brady-
A
Abnormally slow
4
Q
-cele
A
Hernia, tumor, swelling
5
Q
Claudicat/o
A
Limping
6
Q
-clonus
A
Violent action
7
Q
Condyl/o
A
Knuckle, knob
8
Q
Epi-
A
Above, upon, on
9
Q
Erg/o
-ergy
A
Work
10
Q
Fasci/o
A
Fascia, fibrous band
11
Q
Fibr/o
A
Fibrous tissue, fiber
12
Q
Flex/o
A
Bend
13
Q
Hemi-
A
Half
14
Q
Herni/o
A
Hernia
15
Q
Hypo-
A
Deficient, decreased
16
Q
-ia
A
Abnormal condition, disease
17
Q
Intermitt/o
A
Not continuous
18
Q
-ion
A
Action, process, state or condition
19
Q
Kines/o
Kinesi/o
-kinesia
A
Movement
20
Q
Muscul/o
My/o
Myos/o
A
Muscle
21
Q
Noct/I
A
Night
22
Q
Nom/o
A
Law, control
23
Q
Par-
Para-
A
Beside, near, beyond, abnormal, apart from, opposite, along side of
24
-paresis
Partial or incomplete paralysis
25
-plegia
Paralysis, stroke
26
Sarc/o
Flesh, connective tissue
27
Tax/o
Coordination, order
28
Ten/o
Tend/o
Tendin/o
Tendon
29
Ton/o
Tension, tone, stretching
30
Tort/I
Twisted
31
Troph/o
| -trophy
Development, nourishment
32
Adduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
33
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
34
Oblique
Slanted or at an angle
35
Exercise physiologist
Specialist who develops, implements, and coordinates exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
36
Physiatrist
Specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
37
Fasciitis
Inflammation of a fascia
38
Fibromyalgia
Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain
39
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of sheath surrounding a tendon
40
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive use of the joint
41
Myorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of a muscle
42
RICE
Rest, ice, compression, elevation
43
Tenodesis
Surgical suturing of end of a tendon to a bone
44
Tenolysis
Release of tendon from adhesions
45
Tenorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon
46
Ergonomics
Study of human factors that affect design and operation of tools and the work environment
47
Electromyography
Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
48
Antispasmodic
Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
49
Neuromuscular blocker
Causes temporary paralysis by blocking transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
50
Myofascial release
Specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, and carpal tunnel syndrome
51
Occupational therapy
Activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living
52
Physical therapy
Treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques
53
Myoparesis
Weakness or slight muscular paralysis
54
Hemiparesis
Slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body
55
Hemiplegia
Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body usually associated with brain damage
56
Paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs and lower part of body
57
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities
58
Deep tendon reflex
Tested with reflex hammer; no response indicates disruption of nerve supply to involved muscles
59
Range of motion testing
Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength; increase strength, flexibility, and mobility
60
Spinal cord injury
Determined extent of paralysis based on level of vertebra closest to injury
61
Ganglion cyst
Harmless fluid swelling that occurs most commonly in outer surface of wrist; usually painless and does not require treatment
62
Epicondylitis
Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow
63
Heel spur
Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel bone)
64
Plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
65
Sprain
Injury to a joint which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn
66
Shin splint
Painful condition in which muscle is torn away from the tibia
67
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
68
Impingement syndrome
Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones in the shoulder joint
69
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Unknown cause; characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity
70
Adhesion
Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
71
Atrophy
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
72
Myocele
Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
73
Hernia
Protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
74
Myolysis
Degeneration of muscle tissue
75
Polymyositis
Muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles
76
Atonic
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
77
Ataxia
Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
78
Bradykinesia
Extreme slowness in movement
79
Dystonia
Abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
80
Hypotonia
Condition in which there is diminished tone of skeletal muscles
81
Contracture
Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
82
Intermittent claudication
Pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
83
Spasmodic torticollis
Stiff neck to due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles
84
Dyskinesia
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm
85
Hyperkinesia
Abnormally increased muscle function or activity
86
Myoclonus
Sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
87
Nocturnal myoclonus
Jerking of limbs that occur normally as a person is falling asleep
88
Singultus
Hiccups; myoclonus of the diaphragm
89
Myasthenia gravis
Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
90
Muscular dystrophy
Describes genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting nervous system
91
Repetitive stress disorders
Muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work activities, or recreations
92
Sphincter
Ring like muscle that constricts opening of a passageway
93
Transverse
In a crosswise direction
94
Circumduction
Circular movement at the far end of a limb
95
Pronation
Act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward
96
Dorsiflexion
Movement that bends the foot upward at an angle
