Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
0
Q
Aort/o
A
Aorta
1
Q
Angi/o
Vas/o
A
Blood or lymph vessel
2
Q
Ather/o
A
Plaque, fatty substance
3
Q
Capill/o
A
Hair
4
Q
Card/o
Cardi/o
A
Heart
5
Q
-crasia
A
A mixture or blending
6
Q
Electr/o
A
Electricity, electric
7
Q
Embol/o
A
Something inserted or thrown in
8
Q
-emia
A
Blood, blood condition
9
Q
Erythr/o
A
Red
10
Q
Fibrill/o
A
Muscular twitching
11
Q
Hem/o
Hemat/o
A
Blood, relating to blood
12
Q
Infarct/o
A
Filled in, stuffed
13
Q
Leuk/o
A
White
14
Q
Occlus/o
Occlud/o
A
Shut, close up
15
Q
Rhythm/o
A
Rhythm
16
Q
-sclerosis
A
Abnormal hardening
17
Q
Sept/o
A
Infection, partition
18
Q
Tachy-
A
Fast, rapid
19
Q
Thromb/o
A
Clot
20
Q
Valv/o
Valvul/o
A
Valve
21
Q
Ven/o
A
Vein
22
Q
Angina
A
Severe episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to myocardium
23
Q
Coronary artery disease
A
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to heart; insufficient oxygen supply causes angina, myocardial infarction, or death
24
Ischemic heart disease
Cardiac disabilities associated with coronary artery disease resulting from insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
25
Atheroma
Deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall
26
Myocardial infarction
Aka heart attack; occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup
27
Endocarditis
Inflammation of inner lining of the heart
28
Cardiomyopathy
Describes diseases of the heart muscle
29
Valvulitis
Inflammation of a heart valve
30
Arrhythmia
Loss of normal rhythm of heart beat; can be minor or severe depending on how much ability to pump blood is compromised
31
Cardiac arrest
Heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively
32
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow resting heart rate
33
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid resting heart rate
34
Atrial fibrillation
Normal rhythmic contractions of atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall
35
Ventricular fibrillation
Very rapid heartbeat that begins in ventricle; instead of pumping the heart quivers ineffectively
36
Ventricular tachycardia
Very rapid heart beat beginning in ventricles; beating so rapidly blood cannot be efficiently pumped
37
Temporal arteritis
Form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, and jaw pain; diagnosed by presence of abnormally large cells
38
Aneurism
Localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery
39
Chronic venous insufficiency
Venous circulation inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of valves
40
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
41
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen veins; valves do not function properly so blood pools in the veins
42
Thrombosis
Abnormal condition of having a thrombus
43
Thrombus
Blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
44
Thrombotic occlusion
Blocking of artery by a thrombus
45
Coronary thrombosis
Damage to heart caused by thrombus blocking a coronary artery
46
Deep vein thrombosis
Condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein
47
Embolism
Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
48
Embolus
Foreign object such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, bit of tissue, or tumor circulating in the blood
49
Peripheral artery disease
Caused by atherosclerosis; impaired circulation to extremities and vital organs
50
Peripheral vascular disease
Disorders of blood vessels usually involve narrowing of vessels that carry blood to legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys
51
Raynaud's disease
Peripheral artery disease in which attacks are triggered by cold or stress; constricted circulation
52
Blood dyscrasia
Pathologic condition of cellular elements of the blood
53
Leukopenia
Decrease in number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood
54
Septicemia
Associated with infections caused by bacteria in blood; spiking fever, chills, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate
55
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormally small number of platelets circulating in blood
56
Cholesterol
Fatty substance travels through blood. Aids in production of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamin D. Obtained by dietary sources and created in liver
57
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of bone marrow
58
Leukemia
Cancer characterized by progressive increase in number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, organs, and circulating blood
59
Anemia
Lower than normal number of erythrocytes in blood; severity measured by decrease of hemoglobin
60
Aplastic anemia
Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
61
Hemolytic anemia
Characterized by inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
62
Megaloblastic anemia
Red blood cells are larger than normal; results from deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12
63
Pernicious anemia
Caused by lack of protein that helps absorb vitamin B12
64
Sickle cell anemia
Genetic disorder causes some red blood cells to assume a sickle shape
65
Transfusion reaction
Patient's blood and donor blood do not match
66
Hypertension
High blood pressure; elevation of arterial blood pressure that causes damage to cardiovascular system
67
Orthostatic hypotension
Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up
68
Cardiac catheterization
Diagnostic procedure; catheter passed through vein/artery into heart; determines how well heart is working
69
Electrocardiography
Noninvasive process of recording electrical activity of the myocardium
70
Thallium stress test
Injecting thallium into blood stream to evaluate how well blood flows through coronary arteries
71
ACE inhibitor
Blocks action of enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract, reduces blood pressure
72
Beta blocker
Reduces workload of heart by slowing rate of heartbeat
73
Calcium channel blocker agents
Causes heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing movement of calcium into cells of these structures
74
Diuretic
Stimulates kidneys to increase secretion of urine to rid body of excess sodium and water
75
Antiarrhythmic
Controls irregularities of heartbeat
76
Anticoagulant
Slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
77
Thrombolytic
Dissolves or causes thrombus to break up
78
Tissue plasminogen activator
Thrombolytic administered to patients having heart attack or stroke
79
Vasoconstrictor
Causes blood vessels to narrow
80
Vasodilator
Causes blood vessels to expand
81
Angioplasty
Mechanically widening an obstructed blood vessel
82
Atherectomy
Surgical removal of plaque buildup from interior of an artery
83
Carotid endarterectomy
Surgical removal of lining of a portion of clogged carotid artery leading to brain
84
Coronary artery bypass graft
Piece of vein from leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery
85
Defibrillation
Use of electric shock to restore heart's normal rhythm
86
Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Double action pacemaker
87
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression
88
Hemostasis
Stop or control bleeding
89
High density lipoprotein
Good cholesterol carries unneeded cholesterol back to liver
90
Low density lipoprotein
Bad cholesterol contributes to plaque buildup in arteries
91
Congestive heart failure
Heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives; decreased pumping causes congestion in form of fluid buildup
92
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
93
Pericardium
Double layered sac that surrounds the heart
94
Cardiotonic
Increases tone of heart
95
Antiplatelet
Decreases platelet aggregation
96
Antilipidemic
Reduces level of lipids in the serum
