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comm 222: organizational behavior > Chapter 2: personality and learning > Flashcards

Chapter 2: personality and learning Flashcards

1
Q

what is personality?

A

set of psychological characteristics

Dimensions and traits

influences the way an individual Interacts with his/her environment

influences the way an individual Feels, thinks and behaves

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2
Q

where does personality come from?

A

determined by genetic predisposition and one’s long-term learning history

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3
Q

do people have a variety of personality characteristics?

A

yeeeee

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4
Q

What is the role of Personality in OB?

A

role of personality in what is known as the “person-situation debate”

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5
Q

person-situation debate leads to three approaches

which ones

A

The dispositional approach

The situational approach

The interactionist approach

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6
Q

The dispositional approach

A

It’s just the way your are

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7
Q

The situational approach

A

Your environment influences the way you are

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8
Q

The interactionist approach

A

Both environment and disposition determines the way you are

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9
Q

what is the Five-Factor Model of Personality?

A

Five basic but general dimensions that describe personality

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10
Q

what are the five dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of Personality?

A

Openness to experience

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism / Emotional stability

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11
Q

what is the dimension that is important for jobs that involve learning and creativity

A

Openness to experience

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12
Q

what the strongest predictor of overall job performance across all occupations?

A

conscientiousness

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13
Q

high Openness to experience

A

curious and original

creative

dreamers

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14
Q

low Openness to experience

A

conservative

dull

unimaginative

very down to earth

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15
Q

high Conscientiousness

A

dependable and responsible

follow rule

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16
Q

low Conscientiousness

A

careless and impulsive

messy and may cheat others

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17
Q

high extraversion

A

sociable and talkative

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18
Q

high extraversion

A

sociable and talkative

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19
Q

low extraversion

A

withdrawn and shy

work on their projects alone

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20
Q

high emotional stability

A

stable and confident

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21
Q

high emotional stability

A

stable and confident

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22
Q

what is important in jobs that require interaction/ cooperation/ teamwork?

A

Agreeableness

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23
Q

high Agreeableness

A

tolerant and cooperative

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24
Q

high Agreeableness

A

tolerant and cooperative

polite and like people

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25
low Agreeableness
cold and rude tend to tell it like is is
26
what is agreeableness?
individuals adjust their behavior to suit others
27
what is conscientiousness
being honest and hardworking
28
what is neuroticism?
personality trait of being emotional
29
what is openness to experience?
seeking. new experiences and intellectual pursuits
30
what is the loss of locus?
A set of beliefs about whether one’s behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external factors
31
internal factors in the loss of control
the opportunity to control their own behaviour resides within themselves
32
internal factors in the loss of control
the opportunity to control their own behaviour resides within themselves self initiative free will personal action
33
external factors in the loss of control
external forces determine their behaviour fate luck powerful people
34
what is learning
practice or experience leads to a relatively permanent change in behaviour potential practice or experience that prompts learning stems from an environment that provides feedback concerning the consequences of behaviour
35
what are the two theories that describe how people in organizations learn?
Operant learning theory Social cognitive theory
36
Operant learning theory
subject learns to operate on the environment to achieve certain consequences Operantly learned behaviour is controlled by the consequences that follow it It is learning by doing the connection between the behaviour and the consequence that is learned
37
to increase the probability of desired behaviours and to reduce or eliminate the probability of undesirable behaviours, what learning theory would you use?
operant learning theory
38
what are some mistakes that managers do with reinforcements?
Confusing rewards with reinforcers Neglecting diversity in preferences for reinforcers Neglecting important sources of reinforcement
39
how can reinforcements be?
Continuous versus partial Immediate versus delayed
40
what are two strategies that can reduce the probability of learned behaviour?
Extinction Punishment
41
what type of reinforcement would fast learning need?
continuous and immediate
42
what type of reinforcement would slow learning need?
partial and delayed
43
social cognitive learning?
emphasizes the role of cognitive processesin regulating people’s behaviour People learn by observing the behaviour of others
44
what are the components of social cognitive learning?
Observational learning Self-efficacy beliefs Self-regulation
45
what is the acronym used to describe the five dimensions of the five factor model of personality?
OCEAN Openness to new experiences Comfortability with ambiguous situations Extraversion agreeableness neuroticism/emotional stability
46
what is self monitoring in the locus of control
the extent to which people o bserve and r egulate how they appear and behave in social settings and relationships
47
what do low self monitors do in the locus of control?
act like they feel and say what they think without regard to the situation
48
what do high self monitors do in the locus of control?
behave somewhat like actors taking great care to observe and control the images that they project
49
what is self esteem
Self-esteem is the d egree t o which a person has a p ositive self-evaluation.
50
how do people with high self esteem tend to be?
make more fulfilling career decisions and have higher job satisfaction and job performance They have favourable self-images.
51
what type of skills do employees learn?
practical skills interpersonal skills intrapersonal skills cultural awareness
52
practical skills
job specific skills knowledge technical competence
53
intrapersonal skills
problem solving critical thinking alternative work processes
54
interpersonal Skills:
Interactive skills | communicating, teamwork & conflict resolution
55
cultural awareness
social norms of organization company goals business operations expectations priorities
56
what is the process by which stimuli strengthen behavior increases or maintains the probability of that behavior.
a reinforcement
57
how do positive reinforcers work?
increases or maintains the probability of some behaviour application or addition of a stimulus to the situation in question
58
how do negative reinforcers work
increases or maintains the probability of some behaviour removal of a n egative stimulus from the situation in question
59
why is confusing rewards with reinforcements a common mistake made by managers
rewards fail to serve as reinforces when they are not made contingent/possible on some specific desired behaviors
60
what are the two main types of reinforcement sources that managers often ignore
Performance feedback Social recognition
61
when reducing the probability of a learned behavior, what is extinction?
vag le reinforcement the behavior will dissipate itself
62
what are the problems of using punishment as a mean of reducing a certain behavior?
It does not demonstrate which behaviors should replace to punish response Punishment indicates only what is not appropriate Temporarily suppresses the unwanted behavior Can provoke a strong emotional reaction
63
what is self efficacy in social cognitive learning?
beliefs people h ave about their ability to successfully perform a specific task the result of 4 sources of information: performance mastery; observation; verbal persuasion & encouragement; & physiological state
64
what is self regulation in social cognitive learning?
observing your own behaviour, comparing it to a standard rewarding oneself (self-reinforcement) when behavior meets the standard
65
what is the discrepancy reduction in the self regulating process
discrepancy between one’s goals and performance which | motivates one to modify their behaviour
66
what is the discrepancy production in the self regulating process
When individuals attain their goals they are likely to set higher and more challenging goals

comm 222: organizational behavior (13 decks)

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