Chapter 20 - The Muscular System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 20 - The Muscular System Deck (43)
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1
Q

Fascicles

A

Muscle bundle

2
Q

Fascia

A

Sheath around the muscle of connective tissue

3
Q

NMJ

A

Neuromuscular junction

4
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Neurotransmitter released at the synapse. Interacts with cell membranes to cause contraction.

5
Q

Chemicals that cause contraction.

A

Actin and myosin

6
Q

Tonus

A

State of firmness

7
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle that produces movement

8
Q

Prime mover

A

Main muscle if a group of muscles is used to cause movement.

9
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that relaxes during movement.

10
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that assists a prime mover

11
Q

Origin

A

The point where the muscle is attached to the stable part of the body

12
Q

Insertion

A

Point where the muscle is attached to the moving part

13
Q

Flexion

A

Closing the angle at a joint

14
Q

Extension

A

Opening an angle at a joint

15
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

16
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards the midline of the body

17
Q

Rotation

A

Turning a part of the body on its own axis

18
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement from a central point

19
Q

Pronation

A

Turning downward

20
Q

Supination

A

Turning upward

21
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

22
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

23
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending backward

24
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending the sole of the foot

25
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

26
Q

Muscl/o

A

Muscle

27
Q

In/o

A

Fiber

28
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia

29
Q

Ten/o, tendin/o

A

Tendon

30
Q

Ton/o

A

Tone

31
Q

Erg/o

A

Work

32
Q

Kin/o, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

A

Movement

33
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of hereditary diseases involving progressive, noninflammatory, muscle degeneration.

34
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Sex linked diseases passed from mother to son. Appears at 3-4 years of age. Patients are incapacitated by 10-15. Death is commonly caused by respiratory failure or infection.

35
Q

Polymyositis

A

Inflammation of the skeletal muscle leading to weakness, frequently associate with dysphagia.

36
Q

Dermaomyositis

A

When the skin is involved with skeletal muscle weakness. Redness of the skin, dermatitis, lilac colored rash.

37
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Difficult to diagnose. Associated with muscle aches, tenderness, stiffness along with fatigue and sleep disorders.

38
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

Persistent fatigue of no known cause. May be associated with impaired memory, sore throat, painful lymph nodes, muscle and joint pain, headaches, sleep problems, and immune disorders.

39
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

A

Acquired autoimmune disorder in which antibodies interfere with muscle stimulation at the neuromuscular junction.

40
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

Progressive degeneration of motor neurons that leads to muscle atrophy. Early signs are weakness, cramping, and muscle twitching. Usually leads to death from respiratory paralysis in 3-5 years.

41
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint without bone dislocation or fracture

42
Q

Strain

A

Inflammation or tearing of ligaments and tendons

43
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Tendinitis. Inflammation of the tendon, tendon sheath, and synovial membrane at the joint.