Flashcards in Chapter 21: Skin & Eyes Diseases Deck (30)
1
Impetigo
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. aureus
Skin
vesicles on skin
direct contact, fomites
topical antibiotics
2
SSSS (Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
S. aureus
throat, eye, or impetigo infection
separation of skin layers just above stratum basale
3
Folliculitis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. aureus
Hair follicle
Infection of hair follicle
Direct contact, fomites, endogenous infection (infections caused by host microbiota)
Draining of pus, topical antibiotic
4
TSS
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. aureus
Surgical incisions
Fever, rash, shock
Endogenous infection
Antibiotics
5
Necrotizing facilitis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. pyogenes
Skin abrasions
Extensive soft-tissue destruction
Direct contact
Surgical tissue removal; broad-spectrum antibiotics
6
Erysipelas
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. pyogenes
Skin, mucous membranes
Reddish patches on skin, high fever
Endogenous infection
Cephalosporin
7
Pseudomonas dermatitis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
P. aeruginosa
Skin abrasions
Superficial rash
Swimming water, hot tubs
Usually self-limiting
8
Otitis Externa
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
P. aeruginosa
Ear
Superficial infection of external ear canal
Swimming water
Fluoroquinolones
9
Acne
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Propionibacterium acnes
Sebum channels
Inflammatory lesions originating with accumulations of sebum that rupture a hair follicle
Direct contact
Benzyol peroxide, isotretinoin, azelaic acid
10
HHV-3 (varicella)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
varicella-zoster virus
respiratory tract
vesicles in most cases confined to face, throat, lowerback
respiratory droplets
acyclovir for immunocompromised patients; preexposure vaccine
11
HHV-3 (herpes-zoster)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
varicella-zoster virus
endogenous infection of peripheral nerves
vesicles typically on one side of waist, face and scalp, or upper chest
recurrence of latent chickenpox infection
acyclovir; preventive vaccine
12
Measles
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
measles virus
respiratory tract
skin rash of reddish macules first appearing on face and spreading to trunk and extremities
respiratory droplets
no treatment; preexposure vaccine
13
Rubella
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Rubella virus
respiratory tract
mild disease w/ macular rash resembling measles, but less extensive and disappearing in 3 days or less
respiratory droplets
no treatment; preexposure vaccine
14
Fifth disease
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Human parvovirus B19
respiratory tract
mild disease w/ macular facial rash
respiratory droplets
none
15
Roseola
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Human herpesvirus 6 & 7
respiratory tract
high fever followed by macular body rash
respiratory droplets
none
16
Smallpox
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
smallpox (variola) virus
respiratory tract
pustules that may be nearly confluent on skin
respiratory droplets
none
17
Herpes simplex
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
herpes simplex virus type 1
Skin, mucous membranes
COLD SORES, vesicles around mouth; can also affect other areas of skin and mucous membranes
initial infection by direct contact; recurring latent infection
acyclovir
18
Warts
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
papillomavirus
skin
horny projection of skin formed by proliferation of cells
direct contact
removal by liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, electrodessication, acid, lasers
19
Ringworm (tinea)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
microsporum, trychophyton, epidermaphyton
skin
skin lesions of highly varied appearance, on scale may cause local loss of hair; tinea pedis=athlete's foot
direct contact, fomites
griseofulvin (oral); miconazole, clotrimazole (topical)
20
Sporotrichosis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
S. schenkii
Skin abrasions
ulcer @ site of infection, spreading into nearby lymphatic vessels
soil
potassium iodide solution (oral)
21
Candidiasis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Candida albincans
Skin, mucous membranes
macular rash, vaginitis
direct contact; endogenous infection
miconazole, clotrimazole (topical)
22
Scabies
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Sarcoptes scabiei
skin
papules, itching
direct contact
gamma benzene hexachloride permethrin (topical)
23
Pediculosis (lice)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Pediculus humanus capitis
skin
itching
primarily direct contact; also fomites such as bedding, combs
topical insecticide preparations
24
Conjunctivitis (B)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Haemophilus influenzae (B)
conjunctiva
redness
direct contact, fomites
none
25
Opthalmia Neonatorum
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Neisseria gonorrhoaea (B)
conjunctiva
acute infection with much pus formation
through birth canal
prevention: tetracycline, erythromycin, povidone-iodine
26
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Chlamydia trachomatis (B)
conjunctiva
swelling of eyelid; mucus, and pus formation
through birth canal; swimming pools
tetracycline
27
Trachoma
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Chlamydia trachomatis (B)
conjunctiva
conjunctivitis, blindness
direct contact, fomites, flies
Azithromycin
28
Conjunctivitis (V)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
Adenoviruses (V)
conjunctiva
redness
direct contact
none
29
Herpetic keratitis
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
Method of Transmission
Treatment
herpes simplex virus type 1
conjunctiva; cornea
keratitis
direct contact, recurring latent infection
trifluridine may be effective
30