Chapter 21: Skin & Eyes Diseases Flashcards
(30 cards)
Impetigo
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. aureus
Skin
vesicles on skin
direct contact, fomites
topical antibiotics
SSSS (Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome)
Causative agent
Portal of Entry
Symptom
S. aureus
throat, eye, or impetigo infection
separation of skin layers just above stratum basale
Folliculitis
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. aureus
Hair follicle
Infection of hair follicle
Direct contact, fomites, endogenous infection (infections caused by host microbiota)
Draining of pus, topical antibiotic
TSS
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. aureus
Surgical incisions
Fever, rash, shock
Endogenous infection
Antibiotics
Necrotizing facilitis
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. pyogenes
Skin abrasions
Extensive soft-tissue destruction
Direct contact
Surgical tissue removal; broad-spectrum antibiotics
Erysipelas
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. pyogenes
Skin, mucous membranes
Reddish patches on skin, high fever
Endogenous infection
Cephalosporin
Pseudomonas dermatitis
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
P. aeruginosa
Skin abrasions
Superficial rash
Swimming water, hot tubs
Usually self-limiting
Otitis Externa
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
P. aeruginosa
Ear
Superficial infection of external ear canal
Swimming water
Fluoroquinolones
Acne
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Propionibacterium acnes
Sebum channels
Inflammatory lesions originating with accumulations of sebum that rupture a hair follicle
Direct contact
Benzyol peroxide, isotretinoin, azelaic acid
HHV-3 (varicella)
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
varicella-zoster virus
respiratory tract
vesicles in most cases confined to face, throat, lowerback
respiratory droplets
acyclovir for immunocompromised patients; preexposure vaccine
HHV-3 (herpes-zoster)
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
varicella-zoster virus
endogenous infection of peripheral nerves
vesicles typically on one side of waist, face and scalp, or upper chest
recurrence of latent chickenpox infection
acyclovir; preventive vaccine
Measles
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
measles virus
respiratory tract
skin rash of reddish macules first appearing on face and spreading to trunk and extremities
respiratory droplets
no treatment; preexposure vaccine
Rubella
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Rubella virus
respiratory tract
mild disease w/ macular rash resembling measles, but less extensive and disappearing in 3 days or less
respiratory droplets
no treatment; preexposure vaccine
Fifth disease
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Human parvovirus B19
respiratory tract
mild disease w/ macular facial rash
respiratory droplets
none
Roseola
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Human herpesvirus 6 & 7
respiratory tract
high fever followed by macular body rash
respiratory droplets
none
Smallpox
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
smallpox (variola) virus
respiratory tract
pustules that may be nearly confluent on skin
respiratory droplets
none
Herpes simplex
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
herpes simplex virus type 1
Skin, mucous membranes
COLD SORES, vesicles around mouth; can also affect other areas of skin and mucous membranes
initial infection by direct contact; recurring latent infection
acyclovir
Warts
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
papillomavirus
skin
horny projection of skin formed by proliferation of cells
direct contact
removal by liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, electrodessication, acid, lasers
Ringworm (tinea)
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
microsporum, trychophyton, epidermaphyton
skin
skin lesions of highly varied appearance, on scale may cause local loss of hair; tinea pedis=athlete’s foot
direct contact, fomites
griseofulvin (oral); miconazole, clotrimazole (topical)
Sporotrichosis
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
S. schenkii
Skin abrasions
ulcer @ site of infection, spreading into nearby lymphatic vessels
soil
potassium iodide solution (oral)
Candidiasis
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Candida albincans
Skin, mucous membranes
macular rash, vaginitis
direct contact; endogenous infection
miconazole, clotrimazole (topical)
Scabies
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Sarcoptes scabiei
skin
papules, itching
direct contact
gamma benzene hexachloride permethrin (topical)
Pediculosis (lice)
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Pediculus humanus capitis
skin
itching
primarily direct contact; also fomites such as bedding, combs
topical insecticide preparations
Conjunctivitis (B)
Causative agent Portal of Entry Symptom Method of Transmission Treatment
Haemophilus influenzae (B)
conjunctiva
redness
direct contact, fomites
none
