Flashcards in LP IV Deck (74)
1
plane joint
sliding movements. NONAXIAL
ex: intercarpal, intertarsal, vertebrocostal joints
2
hinge joint
one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow movement in one plane - flexion & extension. UNIAXIAL
ex: elbow & interphalangeal
3
pivot joint
rounted surface of one bone articulates with a shallow depression in another. allows uniaxial rotation UNIAXIAL
ex: proximal radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial joint
4
condyloid joint
oval condyle of one bone fits into an ellipsoidal depression in another, BIAXIAL
ex: radiocarpal (wrist) joint, metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckles)
5
saddle joint
articulating surfaces are saddle-shaped, one surface is convex, the other surface is concave. BIAXIAL.
ex: thumb metacarpal + trapezium of wrist
6
ball & socket joint
ball shaped head of one bone fits into cup like depression of another. allows movement in all directions and pivotal rotation. MULTIAXIAL
ex: shoulder, hip joint.
7
flexion
bending forward at the hip, bending knee or elbow
8
extension
straightening knee or elbow (opposite of flexion)
9
abduction
moving a limb away from the midline - such as fanning movement of fingers or toes when spread apart
10
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body, like drawing fingers and toes together
11
rotation
ball & socket joints, movement of atlas around odontoid process of the axis
12
circumduction
ball & socket joints like shoulder - proximal end of lib stays stationary, distal end moves in a circle. limb as a whole outlines a cone. condyloid & saddle joints also allow circumduction.
13
pronation
movement of the palm of the hand from anterior to posterior position - distal end of the radius moves across the ulna
14
supination
movement of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position - radius & ulna are parallel
15
FOOT: inversion
move foot inward toward midline
16
FOOT: eversion
move foot outward away from midline
17
FOOT: dorsiflexion
standing on your heels
18
FOOT: plantar flexion
standing on your toes
19
origin
stationary, immovable, or less moveable attachment
20
insertion
moveable attachment
21
diaphragm location & function
location: floor of thoracic cavity.
performs important function in respiration - as diaphragm contracts, volume of thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. increases volume of thoracic cavity and creates a suction that draws air into the lungs.
22
internal intercostal location & function
location: 11 pairs of muscles lie between the ribs, run at right angles to external intercostals.
draws ribs together to depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration (exhale), antagonistic to external intercostals.
23
external intercostal location & function
location: 11 pairs lie between ribs, run obliquely downward and forward toward sternum.
pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage, aid in inspiration (breathe in)
24
temporalis
closes jaw
25
masseter
prime mover of jaw closure
26
epicranius
raises eyebrows, moves head back
27
orbicularis oculi
closes eyes
28
zygomaticus
smile muscle
29
orbicularis oris
closes lips (kiss/whistle)
30
platysma
main neck muscle, tenses skin of neck
31
sternohyoid
elevates & retracts hyoid bone
32
sternocleidomastoid
flexion of neck forward, rotates neck
33
deltoid
primary mover of arm abduction (away)
34
pectoralis minor
draws scapula forward and inferiorly
35
pectoralis major
prime mover of arm flexion, adducts, medially rotates arm
36
serratus anterior
rotates scapula
37
intercostals
internal - draws ribs together to depress rib cage (expiration)
external - pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage (inspiration)
38
triceps brachii
forearm extensor
39
biceps brachii
flexion of elbow and supination of forearm - turns cork
40
brachialis
major flexor of forearm
41
pronator teres
pronate forearm
42
brachioradialis
synergist in forearm flexion, flexes forearm at the elbow
43
flexor carpi radialis
flexor of wrist, abducts hand
44
palmaris longus
tenses skin and fascia of palm
45
rectus abdominis
flexes/rotates vertebral column
46
external oblique
compresses abdominal wall, trunk rotation & lateral flexion
47
internal oblique
same as external oblique
48
transversus abdominis
compresses abdominal contents
49
iliopsoas
flex trunk on thigh, flex thigh, lateral flexion of vertebral column
50
pectineus
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
51
tensor fasciae latae
steadies trunk
52
sartorius
flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee
53
adductor longus
adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
54
gracilis
adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
55
rector femoris
extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
56
vastus lateralis
extends and stabilizes knee
57
vastus medialis
extends knee
58
fibularis longus
plantar flexion and everts (outward rotation) foot
59
extensor digitorum longus
prime mover of toe extension
60
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion
61
gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot
62
soleus
plantar flexion
63
epicranius occipital belly
pulls head back
64
teres major + minor
major: extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
minor: rotates arm laterally
65
rhomboid major
stabilize scapula
66
latissimus dorsi
prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm
67
extensor carpi radialis longus
extends and abducts wrist
68
extensor digitorum
prime mover of finger extension
69
gluteus medius
abducts and rotates thigh
70
gluteus maximus
thigh extensor
71
illiotibial tract
IT band- lateral knee stabilization
72
hamstrings - biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
extends thigh, flexes knee
73
fibularis longus
plantar flexes and everts foot
74