Unit 5 - Chapter 23 Flashcards
(58 cards)
Septicemia
presence of pathogens and/or toxins produced by pathogens in the blood
Sepsis
SIRS
____ infection releases _________ mediators into ______
Must exhibit at least 1 of 3 symptoms
systemic inflammatory response syndrom (SIRS) caused by a focal infection that releases inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream. MUST exhibit at least 2 of the following conditions: 1. fever, 2. rapid heart or respiratory rates, 3. high count of white blood cells.
Septic shock
lymphangitis
severe drop in BP resulted from sepsis that can no longer be controlled by addition of fluid, lymphangitis (inflamed walls of the vessels become visible as red streaks)
Gram Negative sepsis
pathogen also called: \_\_\_\_\_ in cell wall of gram (-) bac are released when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ dies causes: antibiotics tricky because:
mostly likely caused by gram-neg bacteria, thus often called gram negative sepsis or endotoxic shock. Endotoxins (lipid A) in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria are released when bacteria die, which causes an extreme drop of blood pressure. Antibiotic treatments can be tricky as MORE endotoxins may be released when bacteria die.
Gram Positive sepsis
more/less common cause of sepsis
pathogens (3)
components to cause septic shock:
More common cause of sepsis, pathogens are: enterococci, group B strep, staph. Bacterial components that lead to septic shock in gram+ bacteria are not known with certainty
Gram +: enterococci
responsible for: generally inhabitants of: frequently contaminate: Enterococcus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and Enterococcus \_\_\_\_\_ are leading cause of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ Resistance
responsible for many nosocomia infections; are generally inhabitants of the human colon and frequently contaminate skin. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are the leading causes of nosocomial infections of wounds and urinary tract. Have a natural resistance to penicillin and have rapidly acquired resistance to other antibiotics. There are some vancomycin-resistant strains. TSS (toxic shock syndrome)
Gram +: group B strep (GBS)
Most common cause of:
________ ____ should be tested for _______ ___ and offered _______ if positive
most common cause of neonatal sepsis. CDC recommends that pregnant women be tested for vaginal GBS and that women with GBS be offered antibiotics during labor
Puerperal sepsis/puerperal fever/childbirth fever
_____ _____ of ________
result of _________ or _____
Pathogen
common?
nosocomial infection of uterus as a result of childbirth or abortion. Strep. pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) is most frequent cause. Not as common these days because of modern hygienic practice.
endocarditis
bacterial infections of the heart
subacute bacterial endocarditis pathogen
pathogen mostly alpha hemolytic streptococci
subacute bacterial endocarditis
bacteria lodge into _____ _____ and may cause ____ ____
how infection occurs
microbes enter what and find way to where?
predisposing factors
bacteria lodge into the heart valves and may cause fatal damage; infection arises from another infection, such as a tooth extraction or tonsillectomy. Microbes enter blood & find way to heart; preexisting heart abnormalities are predisposing factors
acute bacterial endocarditis pathogen
S. aureus
acute bacterial endocarditis
causes _____ ___________ of _______ ______
rapid destruction of heart valves
pericarditis pathogen
Strep. pyogenes
pericarditis what it affects and the speed of progression
affects the sac surrounding the heart; rapidly progressive
Rheumatic fever pathogen
group A beta hemolytic streptococci
Rheumatic fever symptoms
initially arthritis & fever, then subcutaneous nodules at joints (2nd elbow joint)
rheumatic fever description
antibodies against ___________ react with _________ deposited in ____ which causes:
OR cross-react with _____ ______ causing:
can follow _____ infection such as:
_______ treatment of _____ ________ can reduce incidence of rheumatic fever
______ administered as a ______ ______ against:
autoimmune complication of streptococcal infections–antibodies against group A beta-hemolytic streptococci react w/ streptococcal antigens deposited in joints (causing arthritis) or heart valves or cross-react w/ heart muscle (causing permanent heart damage); can follow streptcococal infection such as a sore throat; prompt treatment of strep infections can reduce incidence of rheumatic fever; penicillin administered as preventative measure against subsequent strep infections
anthrax pathogen
bacillus anthracis
anthrax description
where endospores occur
what it infects
________ is most dangerous
human contact by handling ______________
endospores occur in soil (survives up to 60 years) and infects grazing animals, proliferating in blood.
Inhalation of endospores causes an especially dangerous type;
human contact anthrax by handling hides from infected animals
anthrax endospores enter through what means?
entry through _______ results in _____ that can progress to _____
entry through _______ ______ results in _____ _____
endospores enter through cuts in the skin, respiratory tract, or mouth; entry through skin results in pustule that can progress to sepsis. entry through respiratory system can result in septic shock
Gangrene disease
soft tissue death from ischemia (loss of blood supply)
gangrene pathogen
Clostridium perfringes (forms endospores)
gangrene growth
microbes grow on nutrients released from ______ ___
especially susceptible to growth of ______ _____ such as _________ ______ which can invade walls of ______ during _____ ______ _________
Microbes grow on nutrients released from gangrenous cells; especially susceptible to the growth of anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium perfringes which can invade walls of uterus during improperly performed abortions;
