Chapter 24: Lymphatic System (lecture)

Question 1

what is lymph?

Answer 1

interstitial fluid in lymphatic system

Question 2

parts of the lymph

Answer 2

-blood plasma (minus clotting factors)

Question 3

significance of lymphatic system

Answer 3

-accumulate without system
-edema

Question 4

functions of lymphatic system

Answer 4

-drain excess interstitial fluid
-dietary liquids
-immune function

Question 5

functions of lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

-return excess fluid
-low-pressure system
-contains lymph capillaries

Question 6

what makes the lymphatic vessels a low-pressure system?

Answer 6

-backflow valves
-thin walls

Question 7

characteristics of lymphatic capillaries

Answer 7

-close-ended
-.among capillary beds
-one-way entrance valves
-endothelium only

Question 8

parts of lymphatic capillaries

Answer 8

-lacteal
-small intestine
-dietary lipids
-lipid-soluble vitamins

Question 9

characteristic of lymphatic vessels

Answer 9

-three tunics
-one-way valves
-attach to nodes
-lymph passes through multiple nodes

Question 10

how many and what are the lymphatic ducts?

Answer 10

-two
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct

Question 11

location and parts of the right lymphatic duct

Answer 11

-location: right clavicle
-right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein
-drainage

Question 12

where does drainage occur?

Answer 12

-right upper limb
-upper right thorax
-right head

Question 13

size and parts of the thoracic duct

Answer 13

-largest
-cisterna chyli
-anterior to vertebrae

Question 14

where does the thoracic duct empty into?

Answer 14

-left subclavian jugular
-left internal jugular

Question 15

location of the cisterna chyli

Answer 15

L2

Question 16

definition and function of lymphatic nodules

Answer 16

-clusters of lymphatic cells
-immune function

Question 17

do lymphatic nodules have connective tissue>

Answer 17

no

Question 18

definition and function of MALT

Answer 18

-definition: mucosa of digestive, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts
-function: confront pathogens and Peyer’s patches

Question 19

location of peyer’s patches

Answer 19

ileum

Question 20

structure of lymphatic nodule

Answer 20

tonsils

Question 21

functions and location of tonsils

Answer 21

-functions: trap material & lymphocyte ID
-location: palatine (2), lingual (2), pharyngeal (adenoid) (1)

Question 22

definition and size of lymph nodes

Answer 22

-clusters of lymphatic cells, bound by capsule
-1-25 mm

Question 23

functions of lymphatic nodes

Answer 23

-filyter antigens from lymph
-initiate lymphatic response

Question 24

what happens during the initiation of lymphatic response?

Answer 24

-produces B-lymphocytes
-may become swollen and tender

Question 25

types of clusters of nodes

Answer 25

-axillary -cervical -inguinal

Question 26

body parts in axillary cluster of nodes

Answer 26

-breast -axilla -upper limb

Question 27

body parts in cervical cluster of nodes

Answer 27

-head -neck

Question 28

body parts in inguinal cluster of nodes

Answer 28

-lower limb -pelvis

Question 29

characteristics of the lymphatic nodes

Answer 29

-bound by capsule -divided into internal compartments

Question 30

what internal compartments are the lymphatic nodules divided into?

Answer 30

trabeculae

Question 31

significance of nodules of lymphatic cells

Answer 31

core of proliferating B-lymphocytes

Question 32

types of vessels in lymphatic nodes

Answer 32

-afferent lymphatic vessels -efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 33

location of spleen

Answer 33

-abdomen -left upper quadrant -ribs 9-11 -convex lateral aspect -hilum

Question 34

function of spleen

Answer 34

-immune response -blood and erythrocyte reservoir -destroy bacteria, foreign debris -destroy old erythrocytes & platelets

Question 35

when does blood and erythrocyte reservoir occur?

Answer 35

released during activity

Question 36

anatomy of the spleen

Answer 36

-capsule -trabeculae -blood supply -white pulp -red pulp

Question 37

what tissue is the capsule made out of?

Answer 37

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 38

what tissue is the trabeculae made out of?

Answer 38

partitions tissue

Question 39

where does the blood supply go to from the spleen?

Answer 39

-splenic artery -splenic vein

Question 40

characteristics of the white pulp?

Answer 40

-around central artery -lymphatic cells -immune function

Question 41

characteristics of the red pulp?

Answer 41

-between arteries and venous drainage -splenic sinusoids -macrophages -hemolytic & blood storage -reticular tissue

Question 42

how can the spleen become damaged?

Answer 42

-severe injury to the ribs -puncture wounds -increased abdominal pressure can rupture -severe hemorrhage and shock

Question 43

how is the repair process of the spleen?

Answer 43

repair is very difficult

Question 44

what is required to keep a patient from bleeding to death?

Answer 44

splenectomy

Question 45

what happens with the loss of a spleen?

Answer 45

-it is not life-threatening -greater incidence if bacterial infection

Question 46

what other reticular organs take over functions if the spleen is removed?

Answer 46

-liver -bone marrow -lymph nodes