Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Chapter 27: Urinary System (Lecture) > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Urinary System (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of the kidney?

A

Filter waste & convert to urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the urinary tract and what are other parts of it?

A

Transport urine and
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the function of the urinary system?

A

• Urine storage
• Excretion
• Blood volume regulation
• Regulate Red blood cell production
- Erythropoietin
- Low blood oxygen
• Ion balance/ acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some features of the kidney?

A

• Retroperitoneal
• Upper lumbar verteurae
• Left side higher
- due to Liver on right
• 12 cm long, 2.5 em thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibrous capsule
-a.k.a. Renal
capsule

A

Is the outer surface of the kidney and is composed of dense irregular connective tissues, it maintains the kidney’s shape, protects it from trauma, and prevents infectious pathogens from entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Perinephric fat (perirental fat)is external to what, made up of what and does what for the kidney?

A

External to the fibrous capsule and contains, adipose connective tissues, also surrounds the kidney and offers cushioning & support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Renal fascia is external to what, its made up of what, & what is its function?

A

External to the perinephric fat and is composed of dense irregular connective tissue & it anchors the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall & peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hilum

A

A concave medial border within the kidney, where vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter/ exit the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Renal Sinus

A

Houses renal arteries, renal veins, lymph vessels, nerves, the renal pelvis, renal calyces, and a variable amount of adipose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a kidney is sectioned along a ___________ an outer renal cortex &inner renal medulla can be seen

A

Coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What some extensions of the Renal Cortex?

A

-Renal Columns
-Renal Pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Renal columns and what do they do?

A

Projects into the medulla and subdivide the medulla into renal pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Each renal papilla projects into a funnel-shaped space called _______

A

Minor Calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Several minor calyces merge to form a larger space called __________

A

Major calyx (each kidney has two or 3 major calyces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The functional unit in the kidney is the ___________

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Nephron loop
  • Distal convoluted tubule.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A renal corpuscle is composed of what?

A

A glomerular & glomerular capsule

(Leaky capillaries
• Blood supply
- Afferent arteriole
» In
-Efferent arteriole
» Out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the Bowman’s Capsule do?

A
  • Receives filtrate
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • From blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_________ is an enlarged bulbous regions of a nephrons

A

Renal Corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The glomerular capsule has what two layers?

A
  1. Visceral layer
  2. Parietal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is made up of what?

A

Composed of podocytes
- w/ capillary form filtration membrane
• Regulate flow of
matenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The parietal layer of glomerular capsule is composed of what?

A

Formed from a simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the rate of Glomerular filtrate?

A

125ml/min
-7500ml/hr
-Total blood volume 5,500 ml

24
Q

What is the urine output of the Glomerular filtrate?

A

Urine output varies but max 100ml/hr
-Differences resorbed in renal tubules

25
What is one renal tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (it originates from the cortex)
26
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined /made up with ___________ and _____________ and when looked under a microscope looks fuzzy due to the brush border
Simple cuboidal epithelium, Microvilli
27
The cells of PCT actively reabsorbs almost all nutrients, ions, vitamins, plasma proteins, and ___________ % of water
60-65% of water (through active transport)
28
Nephron Loop has what two limbs?
1. Descending Limb 2. Ascending Limb
29
What the main function of the Descending limb?
Resorbs water
30
What is the main function of the Ascending limb?
• Resorbs ions • Active transport
31
Where does the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) originate, what is its roles, what type of hormone does it have, and what does it promote?
- originates in the Cortex - Secretion role • Potassium, acid - Resorption role • Sodium, chloride • Water - Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone regulation - Promote absorption
32
What is the location of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?
- Afferent arteriole - Distal convoluted tubule
33
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus modifies __________ muscle
Smooth
34
What are the functions of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?
- Monitors reduction in blood volume/ions - Promotes increase in blood volume
35
When the tubular fluid leaves the DCT it must travel through a series of small ___________ that empty into ___________
Collecting tubules, collecting ducts
36
The collecting ducts are the last structures that have the capacity to modify the tubular fluid further and can do so under the influence of __________ and _________
ADH, Aldosterone (ADH increases water absorption - If dehydrated - No modification if well hydrated • Start of Urine)
37
Urine Transport in Kidney occurs where?
Minor Calyces - One per renal pyramid • Major Calyces • Renal Pelvis • No modification
38
Ureters are long and conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and are _______________
Retroperitoneal
39
The mucosa in Ureters is formed from _______________ epithelium
Transitional epithelium
40
The Muscularis in ureters is made of what?
- Smooth muscle - Peristalsis
41
The urinary bladder is positioned where?
Posterior to the pubic symphysis
42
The urinary bladder is made up of what and what is its function?
It's made up muscular sac and urine reservoir
43
What region is the urinary bladder in?
Trigone region - Posteriorinferior -Ureteric openings -Urethral opening
44
The mucosa lines the bladder ________ it is formed by _____________ epithelialium
Bladder lumen, and transitional epithelium
45
The muscularis consists of three layer of smooth muscle, called __________ muscle
detrusor muscle
46
The expulsion of urine from the bladder is called _____________
Micturition (urination) (response to stretch receptors)
47
the urethra goes from _______ to outside
urinary bladder
48
where is the internal urethral sphincter located and what tissue is it made of?
-near bladder -smooth muscle
49
where is the external sphincter located and what tissue is it made of?
-inferior to internal sphincter -skeletal muscle
50
length of female urethra and amount of functions
- 3-5 cm long -single function: conducting urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
51
length of male urethra, functions of male urethra
-18-20 cm -urinary and reproductive: allow passage of urine and semen
52
3 regions of male urethra
-prostatic urethra -membranous urethra -spongy urethra
53
what organ is in the prostatic urethra?
prostate gland
54
what organs are in the membranous urethra?
-urogenital diaphragm -external urethral sphincter
55
which region is the longest of the male urethra?
spongy urethra

Anatomy (82 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions