Chapter 25 Quiz

Question 1

What is imperialism?

Answer 1

Domination of one country by another

Question 2

What ways can imperialism be carried out?

Answer 2

Militarily, politically, economically, culturally

Question 3

How did the IR give Europe lots of power?

Answer 3

Boost to the economies, strong governments emerged, powerful militaries

Question 4

What was Europe’s more aggressive expansion called?

Answer 4

New Imperialism

Question 5

What were the reasons for New Imperialism?

Answer 5

Some because of need, some because of want

Question 6

What were the causes of New Imperialism?

Answer 6

Economic Interests, political/military interests, “Humanitarian” Goals, Social Darwinism

Question 7

Why was economic interests a cause of new imperialism?

Answer 7

Manufacturers needed access to more natural resources: coal, oil, rubber; needed new markets to sell goods; needed new places for growing population to move

Question 8

Why was political/military interests a cause of new imperialism?

Answer 8

Merchant ships needed protection and bases to refuel; national pride-couldn’t let other European countries seize al foreign land

Question 9

Why was “Humanitarian” goals a cause of new imperialism?

Answer 9

Many felt a real concern for their little brothers overseas

Question 10

What did Europeans believe about western civilization?

Answer 10

Europeans believed they had a duty to spread ideas of western civilization such as Christianity, medicine, and law

Question 11

Why was Social Darwinism a cause of new imperialism?

Answer 11

Growing sense in Europe of Racial Superiority; Survival of Fittest mentality- strongest races were destined to conquer weaker ones- it was nature’s way

Question 12

Why did new imperialism succeed?

Answer 12

Weakness of non-western states; western advantages

Question 13

Why was weakness of non-western states a reason why ni succeed?

Answer 13

Many old empires in decline-Ottoman, china, India; Slave trade negatively affected African Empire

Question 14

Why was western advantages a reason why ni succeed?

Answer 14

Supportive gov’ts and powerful militaries; superior technology-weapons, steam ships

Question 15

What were colonies?

Answer 15

Most involved form of imperialism; Ways Imperialist nations had control

Question 16

What rule did the British use?

Answer 16

Indirect Rule

Question 17

What was indirect rule?

Answer 17

Used local rulers to govern, but encouraged their children to gain education in Britain; Soon a new generation of “westernized” leaders would rule and spread British civilization

Question 18

What rule did French use?

Answer 18

Direct Rule

Question 19

What was direct rule?

Answer 19

Sent officials and officers to countries to impose French laws and customs

Question 20

What were protectorates?

Answer 20

Local rulers left in place, but were expected to follow advice of European “advisors”

Question 21

What was an advantage to protectorates?

Answer 21

Cheaper and required less military force

Question 22

What is spheres of influence?

Answer 22

Area in which an outside power claimed exclusive involvement/trade privileges

Question 23

What are examples of spheres of influence?

Answer 23

Europe in China; US in Latin/S.America

Question 24

Explain West Africa?

Answer 24

Muslim states arose built on trade, farming and herding; traded with Europeans because they wanted help to defeat enemies; Slave trade to Europe/US

Question 25

What was Liberia?

Answer 25

Country founded as a refuge for freed US slaves

Question 26

What was jihad?

Answer 26

Holy struggle to purify Islam

Question 27

How big is Africa compared to Europe?

Answer 27

4 times as big

Question 28

Explain North Africa.

Answer 28

Under control of Ottoman; large Muslim influence

Question 29

Explain East Africa.

Answer 29

Profitable trade of slaves to Middle East; Trade copper/ivory to India for cloth/weapons

Question 30

Explain South Africa.

Answer 30

Heavy turmoil and chaos; fighting between Zulu tribe and "Boers" from Denmark

Question 31

What are missionaries?

Answer 31

Someone sent on a religious cause

Question 32

What did missionaries do/think?

Answer 32

Built school and medical clinics alongside churches; Thought Africans were almost like children in need of guidance

Question 33

Who started to colonize Africa?

Answer 33

King Leopold of Belgium began colonizing the Congo

Question 34

What was the Berlin Conference?

Answer 34

European leaders met to establish the rules for African colonization

Question 35

What was not thought of at the Berlin Conference?

Answer 35

Traditional Settlement patterns; ethnic boundaries and tribes

Question 36

What did France gain from the Berlin Conference?

Answer 36

By late 1800s controlled area in W and N Africa as big as the US is today

Question 37

What did the British gain from the Berlin Conference?

Answer 37

Smaller/more scattered area than French; focused on larger population centers; dominated where most valuable resources were- diamonds and gold

Question 38

What was special about Ethiopia?

Answer 38

Only African country to remain free

Question 39

How was Ethiopia able to remain free?

Answer 39

Menelik II modernized before Europeans came; Built state-of-the-art roads/bridges; western style schools; Imported newest weapons; Had Europeans train his army

Question 40

Who did Ethiopia defeat?

Answer 40

Italy

Question 41

How much of India did the British East India Company control?

Answer 41

60%

Question 42

Who was India ruled by?

Answer 42

Ranjit Singh

Question 43

What did Ranjit Singh rule?

Answer 43

Sikh Empire

Question 44

How/Why did Britain gain power of India?

Answer 44

Exploited Indian Diversity

Question 45

Why did Exploiting Indian Diversity help Britain gain control of India?

Answer 45

Many types of people lived in India-Various cultures/customs/languages made it hard to unite

Question 46

What were some of British's policies?

Answer 46

Worked to end slavery; Preserved peace/maintained order; improved education; spread Christianity; outlawed sati

Question 47

What were the goals of the BEIC?

Answer 47

make money and improve life for Indians

Question 48

What was sati?

Answer 48

Widows must kill themselves when their husbands die

Question 49

What were sepoys?

Answer 49

Indian Soldiers

Question 50

What things were offensive to sepoys/ why they rebelled?

Answer 50

Made to serve anywhere Britain wanted them to- for Hindus oversea travel was offense to religion; new rifles required them to bit off tips of bullet cartridges that were greased with cow/pig fat

Question 51

Why are cows and pigs important?

Answer 51

Cows=Sacred to Hindus; Pork= Forbidden by Muslims

Question 52

Who were viceroys?

Answer 52

People who ruled in India in the name of the British King

Question 53

What did Britain do to help their economy and helping India modernize?

Answer 53

Built roads and huge rail networks

Question 54

How did the roads and rails mainly help Britain?

Answer 54

Easier to remove raw materials/resources; easier to sell British products throughout India

Question 55

What did transportation led to for India?

Answer 55

Unity

Question 56

What is famines?

Answer 56

Mass starvation

Question 57

What did British do to get more involved in India?

Answer 57

Flooded Indian markets w/ cheap textiles; increased British pressure on Indians to grow cash crops and deforest their lands; medical advancements allowed for increased population, but led to food shortages and famines

Question 58

What was India's views on British?

Answer 58

Impressed with technology; adopted western ways and customs

Question 59

What was Britain's view on India?

Answer 59

Some respected Indians ancient heritage/history, most thought India was just their to be exploited

Question 60

What was the Indian National Congress?

Answer 60

Believed in peaceful protest; wanted British modernization but also self-rule

Question 61

Who helped India break control from the British?

Answer 61

Mahatma Gandhi