Chapter 3

Question 1

The term habitus means ______.

Answer 1

Behavior that is acquired through individual and social experience

Question 2

A child raised outside of human society and culture would likely be _____.

Answer 2

Completely unable to understand culture

Question 3

One of the earliest definitions of human culture is that “complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society” Who introduced this definition?

Answer 3

Sir Edward Tylor

Question 4

Anthropologists consider which of the following to be a characteristic of culture?

A. Practice by a few as one individual
B. Patterned and integrated
C. Static and unchanging over time
D. Made up of innate human tendencies

Answer 4

Patterned and integrated

Question 5

Theoretical perspective is critical in anthropology because ______.

Answer 5

It allows us to explore different perspectives

Question 6

A symbol is ______.

Answer 6

Something that stands for something else

Question 7

Which statement best describes the concept of social birth?

Answer 7

The point where a person is considered a human being and a member of human society

Question 8

Anthropologist consider the concept of humanness and the recognition of human status is _______.

Answer 8

A cultural designation

Question 9

Which statement most accurately defines the concept of enculturation?

Answer 9

It is the process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group

Question 10

Which characteristic is emphasized in Inuit enculturation?

Answer 10

Cooperation

Question 11

An anthropological perspective that focuses on culture as the principal force in sharing the typical personality of a society is called _____.

Answer 11

Culture and personality theory

Question 12

What is ethnobotany?

Answer 12

The study of the way members of different cultures classify plants

Question 13

The central concern of structural anthropology is ______.

Answer 13

Underlying patterns of thought common to all humanity

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic of cultural symbols?

Answer 14

They are used to create meaning

Question 15

Some anthropologist argue that football is so popular in America because ______.

Answer 15

It manipulated dangerous and controversial themes in America culture

Question 16

An anthropologist is studying the meaning of meal time in a culture through paintings of family dinners. Which theoretical perspective describes this type of work?

Answer 16

Interpretive and symbolic anthropology

Question 17

Comparing culture to a system implies that ______.

Answer 17

A change in one part of culture will result in changes in other parts of culture

Question 18

What did anthropologists discover about conflict in human societies?

Answer 18

Conflict is cultural universal

Question 19

From the perspective of ecological functionalism, the Hindu taboo on eating beef is _____.

Answer 19

Adaptive to the long-run conditions of drought and crop shortages in India

Question 20

Which theoretical perspective focuses on issues of conflict and struggle within cultures?

Answer 20

Neo-Marxism

Question 21

Norms are best described as

Answer 21

Ideas people in a society share about the way things ought to be done

Question 22

When we compare dominant culture and subcultures within society,it is clear that ______.

Answer 22

Dominant cultures are more powerful than subcultures

Question 23

Norms and values are both ______.

Answer 23

Constantly changing and open to renegotiation

Question 24

The change in the biological structure or lifeway of an individual that allows for better survival is called _______.

Answer 24

Adaptation

Question 25

Cultural adaptation differs from biological adaptation in that the former ______.

Answer 25

Allows human to respond to problems on a relatively immediate basis

Question 26

The ability of humans to change their behavior in response to environmental demands is called _______.

Answer 26

Plasticity

Question 27

According to the text, what has been the most important driver of cultural change in the last 500 years?

Answer 27

The development of world economic system

Question 28

What is the primary innovation?

Answer 28

An object or idea that is genuinely new and different

Question 29

Pure cultures, free from outside influences ____.

Answer 29

Have never existed

Question 30

The process of movement of culture traits from one society to another is called ______.

Answer 30

Diffusion

Question 31

As culture traits move from one society to another ______.

Answer 31

Their meanings tend to change

Question 32

Which of the following would be an example of transculturation?

Answer 32

A McDonalds’s Restaurant Opening in India with a special chicken patty burger instead of their ionic Big Mac hamburger

Question 33

Which of the following best describes an anthropologist’s approach to the study of culture

Answer 33

Anthropologist constantly consider questions of culture in their research

Question 34

True/False

Sir Edward Tylor’s early definition of culture was intended as a way of explaining the differences between human societies.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True/False

Language has many symbolic components, but it is not considered a symbol system.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True/False

Inuit children are protected from the harsh environment and physical challenges until it is time for them to transition into adulthood.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True/False

Cultures are systems, so a change in one aspect of a culture is likely to result in changes in other aspects of the culture.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

True/False

Conflict is present in large hierarchical societies, but absent in small egalitarian societies.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

True/False

To an extent, most members of a society share some norms and values upon which they all agree.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True/False

One advantage of cultural adaptation over biological adaptation is that culture can usually change more rapidly than biology.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True/False

During the process of diffusion, innovations move from one culture towards another.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True/False

One example of transculturation is when young people in the Middle East use social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to show the repression occurring within their countries.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True/False

Fully understanding a culture requires using many theoretical perspectives.

Answer 43

True