Chapter 35 - Infectious Disease

Question 0

any parasitic organism that causes infectious disease

Answer 0

pathogen

Question 1

growth of any microbe within or on a host

Answer 1

infection (colonization

Question 2

pathogen that causes disease associated with it in most people if transmitted in sufficient dose

Answer 2

obligate pathogen

Question 3

pathogen that may be part of normal flora and has gained access to other tissues or host

Answer 3

opportunistic pathogen

Question 4

disease that is ultimately due to the presence of a pathogenic microbe or its products or a body response

Answer 4

infectious disease

Question 5

trait that is the ability of a parasite to inflict damage on the host

Answer 5

pathogenicity

Question 6

degree of pathogenicity

Answer 6

virulence

Question 7

cause of a disease

Answer 7

etiology

Question 8

mechanism of the disease and how it progresses

Answer 8

pathogenesis

Question 9

changes caused in the body’s tissues and organs

Answer 9

pathology

Question 10

objective changes in body that can be directly observed

Answer 10

signs

Question 11

subjective changes experienced by patient

Answer 11

symptoms

Question 12

there are blank steps of pathogenesis

Answer 12

seven

Question 13

first step of pathogenesis that is the location from which pathogen is transmitted to host

Answer 13

reservoir

Question 14

two examples of reservoirs

Answer 14

soil, water, humans, animals

Question 15

second step of pathogenesis that is the moving of pathogen to hose

Answer 15

pathogen transmission

Question 16

blank transmission comes from the reservoir

Answer 16

direct

Question 17

blank transmission is reservoir to something else then to host

Answer 17

indirect

Question 18

two modes of transmission

Answer 18

inhalation, contact with skin, vehicle like food/water, vector

Question 19

this means the pathogen must make contact with appropriate host tissue

Answer 19

tropism

Question 20

step in pathogenesis mediated by special receptor molecules or structures called adhesins

Answer 20

adherence

Question 21

ability of organism to spread from portal of entry to adjacent or other tissues in order to replicate and is the ability to move around

Answer 21

invasiveness

Question 22

presence of viable bacteria in blood

Answer 22

bacteremia

Question 23

bacteria, other pathogens, or toxins in blood

Answer 23

sepemia

Question 24

most microbes are blank before they cause disease in body

Answer 24

eliminated

Question 25

ability to produce toxins

Answer 25

toxigenicity

Question 26

diseases whose signs and symptoms are mainly due to a specific toxin

Answer 26

intoxications

Question 27

specific substance that damages host

Answer 27

toxin

Question 28

soluble heat labile proteins that are usually released into the surroundings as bacterial pathogen grows

Answer 28

exotoxins

Question 29

exotoxins are one of the most blank substances known

Answer 29

lethal

Question 30

exotoxin subunit that is responsible for toxic

Answer 30

a

Question 31

exotoxin subunit that binds to specific target

Answer 31

b

Question 32

LPS in gram negative cell wall can be toxic to some hosts and this is called blank

Answer 32

endotoxin

Question 33

endotoxins are released by the organism when

Answer 33

when they die

Question 34

secondary metabolites of fungi that often contaminate food

Answer 34

mycotoxins

Question 35

pathogen leaves host via blank of exit

Answer 35

portal