Chapter 10 - Introduction to Metabolism

Question 0

biosynthesis

Answer 0

anabolism

Question 1

biodegradation

Answer 1

catabolism

Question 2

catabolism and anabolism are two parts of blank

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones with enzymes

Answer 3

catabolism

Question 4

catabolism releases energy so they are blank

Answer 4

exergonic

Question 5

synthesis of a larger molecule from a smaller one

Answer 5

anabolism

Question 6

anabolism is blank because it takes energy to create a bond but is not blank

Answer 6

endergonic, endothermic

Question 7

microbial cells do these three types of work

Answer 7

transport, chemical, mechanical

Question 8

a science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter called a system

Answer 8

thermodynamics

Question 9

second law of thermodynamics involves the increase of blank

Answer 9

entropy

Question 10

amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 gram of water from 14.5 degrees Celsius to 15.5

Answer 10

Calorie (cal)

Question 11

1 cal of heat is equal to blank Joules of heat

Answer 11

4.18

Question 12

exergonic reaction involves chemical reactions with a negative G value that blanks free energy

Answer 12

releases

Question 13

chemical reactions with a positive G because it requires an energy input

Answer 13

endergonic

Question 14

many metabolic processes involve blank reactions

Answer 14

oxidatiion reduction

Question 15

tendency of a compound to donate electrons or to gain electrons

Answer 15

reduction potential

Question 16

more negative E is a better electron blank

Answer 16

donor

Question 17

more positive E means a better electron blank

Answer 17

acceptor

Question 18

this represents the range of possible reduction potentials for redox couples in nature

Answer 18

redox towers

Question 19

electron transport chain is in the blank of the mitochondria

Answer 19

inner membrane

Question 20

electron carrier that is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Answer 20

NAD

Question 21

electron carrier that is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Answer 21

NADP

Question 22

redox reactions usually involve reactions between intermediate blank

Answer 22

carriers

Question 23

coenzyme is a blank molecule but not the blank

Answer 23

organic, protein

Question 24

ion that works like a coenzyme

Answer 24

cofactor

Question 25

ions have less energy than the blank form

Answer 25

reduced

Question 26

electron carrier that uses iron to transfer electrons

Answer 26

cytochromes

Question 27

iron is part of the blank group

Answer 27

heme

Question 28

reacting molecules in enzymes

Answer 28

substrate

Question 29

substance formed by enzyme reaction

Answer 29

product

Question 30

protein component of an enzyme

Answer 30

apoenzyme

Question 31

ion needed by enzyme

Answer 31

cofactor

Question 32

firmly attached nonprotein component of an enzyme

Answer 32

prosthetic group

Question 33

loosely attached nonprotein component of enzyme

Answer 33

cofactor

Question 34

sum of parts of enzyme

Answer 34

holoenzyme

Question 35

energy required to form transition state complex

Answer 35

activation energy

Question 36

enzyme lowers blank

Answer 36

activation energy

Question 37

directly competes with binding of substrate to active site

Answer 37

competetive inhibitor

Question 38

binds enzyme at site other than active site and changes its shape

Answer 38

noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 39

RNA molecules that are catalytic and self splice and involved in self replication

Answer 39

ribozymes

Question 40

differential distribution of enzymes and metabolites among separate cell structures or organelles

Answer 40

compartmentation

Question 41

compartmentation can generate marked variations in blank concentrations

Answer 41

metabolite

Question 42

most regulatory enzymes are these and acivity is altered by small molecule

Answer 42

allosteric regulation

Question 43

these bind at regulatory site and change shape of enzyme and alters activity of catalytic site and can be positive or negative

Answer 43

allosteric effector

Question 44

positive effector blank enzyme activity

Answer 44

increases

Question 45

negative effector blank the enzyme

Answer 45

inhibitis

Question 46

reversible on and off switch modification of enzymes

Answer 46

covalent

Question 47

also called end product inhibition where enzyme is inhibited in the pathway and is like a pacemaker

Answer 47

feedback inhibition

Question 48

different enzymes that catalyze same reaction

Answer 48

isoenzymes