Chapter 36- Plant Form

Question 1

What does a vascular plant consist of?

Answer 1

a root system

a shoot system

Question 2

What is a root system

Answer 2

• anchors the plant
• absorbs water and ions
• transport, storage, aeration

Question 3

What is a shoot system

Answer 3

• consists of supporting stems, photosynthetic, leaves, and reproductive flowers
• unit consists of internode, node, leaf, and acillary bud
• transport, storage, aeration

Question 4

what are the 3 basic tissue types

Answer 4

1. dermal-outer protective cover
2. ground-function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
3. vascular-conducts fluids and dissolved substances (xylem and phloem)

Question 5

What is primary plant growth

Answer 5

increase in the length of a plant, all plants have this

Question 6

what is secondary plant growth

Answer 6

increase in the width of a plant, only occurs in woody plants

Question 7

what does plant growth consist of

Answer 7

• increase in cell number
• increase in cell size
• cell differentiation from generalized to specialized cells

Question 8

Meristems

Answer 8

sites of mitotic cell division in plants

Question 9

Apical Meristems

Answer 9

Located at tips of stems and roots

-give rise to primary tissues which are called primary plant body

Question 10

Lateral Meristems

Answer 10

Found in plants that exhibit secondary growth

• give rise to secondary tissues
• produces secondary vascular tissues-secondary xylem becomes wood and bark

Question 11

Dermal tissue

Answer 11

2 types, epidermis and periderm

Question 12

What is the epidermis

Answer 12

outer protective covering of plant

• makes up cuticle (waxy layer on plant)
• made up of guard cells, trichomes, and root hairs

Question 13

What are guard cells

Answer 13

part of the epidermis of plants

-paired sausage shaped cells, epidermal opening, passageway for oxygen co2 and h2o

Question 14

what are trichomes

Answer 14

cellular or multicellular hairlike growths from the epidermis
-reduce evaporation

Question 15

what are root hairs

Answer 15

increase roots surface area and efficiency of absorption (epidermis cell)

Question 16

what are the 3 types of ground tissue

Answer 16

1. parenchyma-function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
2. collenchyma-provide support and protection, allow bening w/o breaking
3. sclerenchyma-provide support and protection, die at maturity

Question 17

what tissue is used for water and inorganic ion transport?

Answer 17

xylem

Question 18

What is the principle food conducting tissue in plants?

Answer 18

phloem

Question 19

what are the 4 regions of roots?

Answer 19

root cap
zone of cell division
zone of cell elongation
zone of cell maturation

Question 20

what is the root cap

Answer 20

functions mainly in protection of the delicate tissues behind it
-also in perception of gravity

Question 21

What is the zone of cell division

Answer 21

derived from rapid divisions of the root apical meristem

Question 22

Zone of elongation

Answer 22

roots lengthen because cells become several times longer than wide

Question 23

Zone of maturation

Answer 23

elongated cells become differentiated into specific cell types

Question 24

Monocot roots?

Answer 24

have epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericucle, vasuclar tissue, and pith

• example corn
• arranged in a circle around the root

Question 25

Dicot roots

Answer 25

lack pericycle and pith. arranged differently than monocot roots -example=beans

Question 26

3 modified roots

Answer 26

prop roots-keep plant upright aerial roots-obtain water from air food storage roots-store carbohydrates

Question 27

What is the major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems

Answer 27

organization of the vascular tissue system

Question 28

Monocot vascular arrangement?

Answer 28

scattered throughout ground tissue system

Question 29

eudicot vascular arrangement?

Answer 29

arranged in a ring with internal ground tissue and external ground tissue

Question 30

is there secondary growth in monocots?

Answer 30

no, a vascular cambium develops between the primary xylem and phloem in eudicots but not monocots

Question 31

what is vascular cambium

Answer 31

divides and gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 32

what are axillary buds

Answer 32

develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers

Question 33

leaves

Answer 33

organs of photosynthesis expand by cell division and enlargement growth stops at maturity

Question 34

what differentiates eudicot and monocot leaves

Answer 34

2 types of mesophyll -palisade-2 rows of chlorenchyma cells -spongy-loosely arranged cells with many spaces mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade/spongy layers