Chapter 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

A simple sugar made from 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen that provides energy in the body.

Question 2

Starch

Answer 2

The energy source of plants, a polysaccharie consisting of multiple molecules of bonded glucose

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Carbohydrates consisting of one sugar unit

Question 4

Disaccharides

Answer 4

Carbohydrates consisting of two sugar units

Question 5

Oligosaccharides

Answer 5

Carbohydrates with 3 - 10 sugar unites

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

Complex carbs with 10 or more monosaccharide sub-unites linked.

Question 7

Simple carohydrate

Answer 7

Sugars, made of just one or two monosaccharides, digested quickly in the body as a fast energy source.

Question 8

Fructose

Answer 8

A simple sugar found in mostly fruits

Question 9

Fructan

Answer 9

A polymer of fructose molecules found in some fruits, legumes, and vegetables.

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

A complex carb that occurs in animals only; it is the form of glucose stored in the body.

Question 11

Fiber

Answer 11

A special type of complex carb that is not digested or absorbed.

Question 12

Soluble fiber

Answer 12

The form of fiber that dissolves in into a thick gel substance in the stomach

Question 13

Insoluble fiber

Answer 13

The form of fiber that does not dissolve, and passes relatively intact.

Question 14

Gut microbiome

Answer 14

The specific and individualized accumulation of anaerobic bacteria and other microorganisms that populate the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 15

Mastication

Answer 15

another word for chewng

Question 16

Bolus

Answer 16

A mass of chewed food.

Question 17

Amylase

Answer 17

An enzyme found largely in saliva that breaks starch into simple sugars.

Question 18

Villi

Answer 18

Fingerlike projections on the inside surface of the intestines that absorb nutrients and secrete enzymes

Question 19

Insulin

Answer 19

A hormone made by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood to the muscle and other tissues.

Question 20

Glucagon

Answer 20

A pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose levels.

Question 21

Hypoglecemia

Answer 21

A state of low blood sugar levels with many causes, including diabetes treatments.

Question 22

Glycemic index

Answer 22

A ranking of carbs on a scale of 0 to 100 according to how much they raise the blood sugar levels.

Question 23

Ghrelin

Answer 23

A hormone released from the stomach that will stimulate the appetite.

Question 24

Leptin

Answer 24

A hormone made from adipose tissue and the enterocytes of the small intestines that regulate energy balance and inhibit hunger.

Question 25

Glycemic load calculation

Answer 25

(GI value of the food X the quantity of carbs per serving) / 100

Question 26

Net Carbs

Answer 26

The total amount of carbs minus dietary fiber

Question 27

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 27

The process of converting a non-carbohydrate substance into glucose for energy

Question 28

Cofactors

Answer 28

Substances that must be present for another substance to be able to perform a certain function.

Question 29

Calories in one gram of Carbs

Answer 29

4 kcals