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ISSA Nutritionist (NEW) > Chapter 6: Fats > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Fats Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids

A

Organic Biomolecules soluble in organic solvents, but not water.

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2
Q

Beta-oxidation

A

The catabolic metabolism of fatty acids to generate the molecules needed to synthesize adenosine triphosphate.

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3
Q

Cholesterol

A

a 3-carbon alcohol molecule and the structural backbone of lipids.

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4
Q

Triglycerides

A

Three fatty acids linked to a molecule of glycerol.

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5
Q

Fatty acids

A

A chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end.

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6
Q

Glycerol

A

A three carbon alcohol molecule and the structural backbone of lipids.

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7
Q

Saturated fats

A

A fat or fatty acids with single bonds between carbons

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8
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

A fat or fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbons.

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9
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

Bad cholesterol building up in and contributing to the hardening of arteries.

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10
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acids

A

Fatty acids with just one double bond between carbons.

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11
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

Fatty acids with more than one double bond.

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Loose connective tissue made of adipocytes for storing excess fats in the body.

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13
Q

Lipogenesis

A

The metabolic process forming fat for storage in adipocytes.

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14
Q

Lipolysis

A

The breakdown of lipids for energy occurring during fasting and exercise when energy availability and insulin are low.

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15
Q

Prostoglandins

A

Hormones involved in the inflammatory response to injury as well as female reproductive phases.

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16
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Hormones derived from cholesterol, including estrogen and testosterone.

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17
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Fats that cannot be produced in the body and must be supplemented or consumed as part of a balanced diet.

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18
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids

A

A group of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosahexaenoic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.

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19
Q

Omega-6 fatty acids

A

A group of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid.

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20
Q

Linoleic acid

A

A common essential omega 6 fatty acid.

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21
Q

Alpha linoleix acid

A

An omega 3 fatty acid found to be effective for treating depression and anxiety.

22
Q

Eicosapentaenoic acid

A

An omega 3 fatty acid used to reduce triglyceride levels.

23
Q

Docosahexaenoic acid

A

An omega 3 fatty acid used to reduce chronic disease and functions in the development of the brain, skin, and eyes.

24
Q

HDL

A

the good cholesterol carrying the LDL out of the bloodstream and to the liver, where it is broken down and excreted.

25
Q

Gamma linolenic acid

A

A nonessential omega 6 fatty acid derived from linoleic acid.

26
Q

Omega 9 fatty acid

A

Common nonessential monounsaturated fats.

27
Q

Phospholipids

A

A class of lipids made of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate unit, a major component of cell membranes.

28
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

29
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water repelling

30
Q

Lecithin

A

A phospholipid with a choline group essential for liver and brain function.

31
Q

Phosphatidylserine

A

A phospholipid with the amino acid serine useful for improving memory and physical recovery.

32
Q

Sterols

A

A group of naturally occurring unsaturated steroid alcohols

33
Q

Conjugated linoleic acid

A

An isomer of linoleic acid derived from ruminant animals.

34
Q

Isomer

A

Two or more compounds or molecules with the same formula but different arrangements of atoms.

35
Q

Conjugated

A

A molecule formed by the union of two molecules with two double bonds separated by a single bond.

36
Q

Adiposity

A

Bodyfat stores

37
Q

Medium-chain triglyceride

A

Triglyceride with shorter fatty acid chains containing just 6-12 carbon atoms used as a supplement for quick energy and certain medical conditions.

38
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

Unsaturated fatty acids that have been hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated.

39
Q

Hydrogenation

A

The process by which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated sites on fatty acids, converting double bonds to single bonds.

40
Q

Partial hydrogenation

A

The hydrogenation of fatty acids resulting in the “trans” configuration.

41
Q

Lingual lipase

A

An enzyme using amino acids aspartate, histidine, and serine to hydrolyze medium and long chain triglycerides, breaking them down into partial glycerides and free fatty acids.

42
Q

Emulsifier

A

A substance that dispenses fat into smaller droplets as part of the digestion process.

43
Q

Gastric lipase

A

An enzyme secreted by cells in the stomach, breaking down and digesting fats.

44
Q

Bile salts

A

Bile acids produced in the liver and conjugated with the amino acids taurine or glycine that act to stabilize fats in the small intestine.

45
Q

Micelles

A

Bile salts aiding in the transport through the small intestine that are released, without crossing the membrane, as the free fatty acid is absorbed.

46
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Proteins bound to fat to transport lipids through the bloodstream.

47
Q

Chylomicron

A

A droplet of fat that has been absorbed through the small intestine into the bloodstream or lymphatic fluid.

48
Q

Cholesterol esters

A

Esters of cholesterol, a slightly different chemical form of cholesterol that is less soluble in water.

49
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules for energy.

50
Q

Ketogenesis

A

The process of breaking down fatty acids to produce ketone bodies and used in certain circumstances for energy production.

51
Q

Calories in one gram of fat

A

9 kcals

ISSA Nutritionist (NEW) (18 decks)

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