Chapter 8: Minerals Flashcards
Minerals
Inorganic elements required for various physiological functions.
Major minerals
Minerals the body requires in larger amounts.
Minor minerals
Minerals the body requires in smaller amounts.
Electrolytes.
Minerals carrying an electric charge
Organic
Compounds containing carbon
Inorganic
Compounds not containing carbon.
Bioavailable
The amount of a substance digested and entering circulation that has an active effect on the body.
Enzyme cofactor
A nonprotein compound needed for a protein’s biological activity.
Adenosine Triphosphate
A complex organic chemical providing molecular energy to drive cellular processes.
Rhabdomyolysis
The breakdown of muscle tissue releasing damaging amounts of protein into the blood.
Tachycardia
A condition causing the heart to beat at 100 beats per minute or faster.
Metabolic syndrome
A set of disorders such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and excess bodyfat that together can increase an individual’s risk of heart attack and stroke.
Reactive oxygen species
The byproducts of cellular metabolism as a result of stress or immune response
Muscle wasting
The rapid loss of muscle tissue mass and strength resulting from excess protein breakdown and, in many cases, reduced protein synthesis.
Acidosis
A condition in which blood pH is under 7.35, which can disrupt enzyme function and reduce insulin sensitivity.
