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Biology 100 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The capacity to cause change or to do work.

A

Energy

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2
Q

What is an example of potential energy?

A

Chemical Energy

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3
Q

The energy of motion is called _________.

A

Kinetic Energy

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4
Q

Heat causes what kind of movement?

A

Random movement

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5
Q

What is stored energy called?

A

Potential Energy

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6
Q

Chemical energy is an example of?

A

Potential Energy

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7
Q

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Matter and Energy cannot be created or destroyed only converted

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8
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy change is not 100% efficient

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9
Q

Some energy is always lost as heat.

A

Entropy

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10
Q

This molecule can be broken down into a simpler form for its uses of energy.

A

Glucose

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11
Q

The process where chemical energy is stored in organic molecules is used to produce ATP which causes the cells can use to perform work.

A

Cellular Respiration

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12
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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13
Q

What does ATP consist of?

A

Consist of adenosine plus three phosphate groups

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14
Q

How is energy obtained?

A

Energy is obtained by either Photosynthesis or Ingesting food.

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15
Q

Energy can not be ________ or _________, however it can be __________.

A

Created; Destroyed; Transferred

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16
Q

What is an example of Kinetic Energy?

A

Heat

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17
Q

Why is chemical energy considered to be a form of potential energy?

A

Potential Energy has energy stored in their chemical bonds

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18
Q

Some energy is lost as heat.

A

Entropy

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19
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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20
Q

What does ADP consist of?

A

Adenosine Plus two phosphate

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21
Q

Phosphate has a _______ Charge.

A

Negative

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22
Q

ATP (using energy)

A

ATP—-> Energy + ADP + P

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23
Q

ADP (Storing energy)

A

ADP + Energy + P —-> ATP

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24
Q

The total sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.

A

Metabolism

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25
_______ are proteins that facilitate cellular reactions.
Enzymes
26
This protein can either turn off or stop a reaction from occur.
Enzymes
27
What is activation energy?
The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
28
What are catalysts?
Enzymes
29
Enzymes lower activation energy.
allowing reactions to occur more readily.
30
Enzymes lower________
Activation enegry
31
Highly selective proteins which react with certain molecules.
Substrates
32
Where does the substrate interact with?
Active site
33
When enzymes interact with the substrate the enzymes may under go a conformational change called an _____ ____ which makes interaction between the active site of the enzyme and substrate even tigher, and interaction more efficient.
Induce fit
34
Enzymes activity is influenced by
Temperature salt concentration pH concentration
35
-ase is
an enzyme
36
When it is denatures enzymes by altering their 3-D shape.
Temperature
37
ions can interfere with active site
Salt concentration
38
can change the 3D shape or interfere with active site
pH
39
The concentration of enzyme or substrate
concentration
40
What can an enzyme inhibitor do?
may prevent a reaction from taking place | permanently fill the active site instead of the substrate preventing certain reaction from occuring
41
What is an Allosteric site and what does it do?
when a noncompetitive inhibitors interact with a different part of the enzyme (allosteric) causing the active site to change shape.
42
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
Phospholipid bilayer
43
The unique characteristics of the plasma membrane, enabling some molecules to freely pass whereas others enter only via protein channels.
Selectively Permeable
44
Plasma membrane
cells can regulate the import and export of chemicals used in chemical reactions by way of the plasma membrane
45
The random movement of molecules
Diffusion
46
Molecules naturally move from ____ concentration to a ____ concentration
High to low
47
No energy need, molecules travel across a membrane from high concentration to low concentration
Passive transport (diffusion)
48
Specific transport proteins are selective in which molecules may pass into cell ( no energy required)
Facilitated diffusion
49
Cells use energy to move molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration
Active transport
50
active transport uses___________ to move a molecule across a membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration
Uses energy (ATP)
51
Solutions with equal solute concentration as solution outside of it
Isotonic
52
Solution with lower concentration of solutes of solution outside of it
Hypotonic
53
Solution with a higher concentration of solute outside of it
Hypertonic
54
water passively moving across a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentration
osmosis
55
control of water balance in cells
Osmoregulation
56
When cells may have a different concentration of solutes that their environment, which may result in ______ or ______.
Water loss; water gain
57
solutes usually do not enter or exit the cell, rather the concentration of _____ ____ or ______ the cell may change
water inside or outside
58
Large molecules are transferred by vesicles outside the cell
Exocytosis
59
The plasma membrane forms around substances, moving them in vesicles which are brought into cells
Endocytosis
60
A cell engulfs large food particles or entire organisms
Phagocytosis (eating)
61
A cell "gulps" droplets of fluid by forming tiny vesicles.
Pinocytosis (drinking)
62
External molecules bind to a specific protein (receptor) on plasma membrane, then are brought into cell
Receptor mediated endocytoes
63
_______ are also involved in cellular communication by binding signal molecules.
Receptors
64
an extracellular signal molecule bond to celll surface protein may change the shape of the________.
protein
65
A signal can be passed on to the inside of the cell.
signal transduction pathway

Biology 100 (19 decks)

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