Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Radioo Kennedy

What are the organs of the Cardiovascular system?

Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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What is the cardiovascular system divided into?

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

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Systemic Circulation

Between heart and cells of body

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In the systemic circulation, how is oxygenated blood carried?

Away from the left side of heart to body

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In the systemic circulation, how is deoxygenated blood carried?

From the body to the right side of the heart.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Between Heart and Lungs

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In the pulmonary circulation, how is deoxygenated blood carried?

Away from the right side of the heart to lungs

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In the pulmonary circulation, how is oxygenated blood carried?

From lungs to the left side of the heart

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What happens when the heart contracts?

Blood is ejected from the heart

Pushed throughout body within blood vessels

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What is the heart made of?

Cardiac muscle fibers

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Where is the heart located?

In the mediastinum directly behind the sternum

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Apex

Tip of heart at lower edge

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What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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Endocardium

Inner layer that lines the heart chambers. Smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers

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Myocardium

Middle layer made of thick muscle.

Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels

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Epicardium

Outer layer that forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac

Fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

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What are the chambers of the heart?

Atria

Ventricles

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What are the heart chambers divided by?

Septum

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Atria

Left and right upper chambers
Receiving chambers
blood returns to atria in veins

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What veins are in the atria?

Pulmonary veins

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Ventricles

Left and right lower chambers
pumping chambers
blood exits into arteries

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What are the 4 valves of the heart

tricuspid
pulmonary
mitral
aortic

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What are heart valves?

Controls direction of blood flow

Found at exit and entrances of ventricles

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Tricuspid Valve

Atrioventricular valve
Between right atrium and ventricle
Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium

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How many leaflets/ cusps does the tricuspid valve have

Pulmonary Valve

A semilunar valve Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Prevents blood in artery from flowing back into ventricle

Semilunar

Valve looks like half moon

Mitral Valve

Atrioventricle valve Between left atrium and ventricle Prevents blood from flowing back into atrium

How many cusps does the Mitral valve have?

Bicuspid valve

has 2 cusps

Aortic Valve

A semilunar valve between left ventricle an aorta Prevents blood in aorta from flowing back into ventricle

What are the 2 large veins in the right atrium?

Superior vena cava | Inferior Vena Cava

Diastole

Relaxation phase of the heart chambers

systole

Contraction phase of the heart chambers

Sinoatrial node (SA)

Pacemaker

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Arteries Capillaries Veins

Lumen

channel within blood vessels

Arteries

Large vessels in which the walls contain smooth muscle and can dilate or constrict

Arterioles

smaller vessels branched from arteries

What carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries

What do coronary arteries supply?

myocardium

Capillary bed

thin-walled vessels that form capillaries

Venules

smallest veins

What carries blood towards the heart?

Veins

Blood Pressure

Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel

What characteristics can affect blood pressure?

Volume of blood | Amount of resistance to blood flow

What happens during ventricular systole?

Blood is under great pressure | Give highest pressure

What happens during ventricular diastole

Blood isn't being pushed from the heart | Blood pressure is at the lowest point

aortic

pertaining to the aorta

arterial

pertaining to an artery

arteriole

a small artery

atrial

pertaining to the atrium

cardiac

pertaining to the heart

coronary

pertaining to the heart

interatrial

pertaining to between the atria

interventricular

pertaining to between the ventricles

myocardial

pertaining to the heart muscle

valvular

pertaining to a valve

vascular

pertaining to a blood vessel

venous

pertaining to a vein

ventricular

pertaining to a ventricle

venule

a small vein

angitis

inflammation of a vessel

angiospasm

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessels; narrows the vessel

angiostenosis

narrowing of a vessel

bradycardia

a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute

embolus

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off a thrombus in another site

infarct

area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply

ischemia

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction

murmur

sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

orthostatic hypotension

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

palpitations

pounding, racing heartbeats

plaque

yellow; fatty deposits of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Distribute blood Delivery of needed substances to cells Removal of Wastes