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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

skin

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2
Q

Where are the sensory receptors located?

A

Within the middle layer of the skin

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3
Q

What dot the sensory receptors detect?

A

Temperature
Pain
Touch
Pressure

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4
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

They assist body in maintaining internal temperature that creates a cooling effect when sweat evaporates.

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5
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

They are oil glands that lubricate the skin surface and produces sebum.

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6
Q

How does the skin cool?

A

Sweat evaporation

Dilate superficial blood vessels to release heat

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7
Q

How does the skin conserve heat?

A

Constrict superficial blood vessels to keep warm blood away from surface.
Continuous fat layer acts as insulation.

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8
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

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9
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin, outer membrane layer composed of flat like cells arranged in strata. Has no blood supply or connective tissue

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10
Q

Dermis

A

Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, giving it flexible strength. Has very good blood supply.

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11
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

innermost layer of fatty tissue, composed of lipocytes and acts as insulation for heat/cold.

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12
Q

Basal Layer

A

The deepest layer in the epidermis. Cells continuously grow and push out the old cells toward the surface that shrink die, and fill with keratin.

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13
Q

Keratin

A

a hard protein in dead cells that allow skin to act as a barrier to infection

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

Special cells of the basal layer that produces melanin which gives skin color and protects against ultraviolet rays.

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15
Q

What organs are located in the Dermis?

A

Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands

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16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the hair?

A

Hair follicle
Hair root
Hair shaft
Arrector pili muscle

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17
Q

How is the hair shaft formed?

A

Within the hair follicle, deep cells of hair root force older cells to move upward towards surface

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18
Q

What gives hair its color?

A

melanin

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19
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Slip of smooth muscle that causes hair to “stand up”

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20
Q

What are the 6 parts of the nail?

A 
Nail body
Nail bed
lunula
nail root
cuticle
free edge
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21
Q

What is the Nail Body?

A

Flat plate of keratin

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22
Q

What is the nail bed?

A

Connects nail body to underlying tissue

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23
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Soft tissue that covers nail root.

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24
Q

Where does sweat travel to int he sweat gland?

A

To surface in sweat duct.

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25
Apocrine Glands
Found in the pubic or underarm areas that produces an odor when sweating.
26
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
27
dermal
pertaining to the skin
28
epidermal
pertaining to upon the skin
29
hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
30
intradermal
pertaining to within the skin
31
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
32
ungual
pertaining to the nail
33
abrasion
friction scraping away skin surface
34
anhidrosis
condition of producing no sweat
35
comedo
hardened sebum in hair follicle; blackhead
36
contusion
injury caused by a blow; causes swelling, pain, and bruising
37
cyanosis
bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood
38
cyst
fluid-filled sac under the skin
39
depigmentation
loss of normal skin color
40
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
41
ecchymosis
blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma; a bruise
42
erythema
red flushing of the skin
43
erythroderma
having reddened or flushed skin
44
eschar
thick layer of dead tissue develops over a deep burn area
45
fissure
crack-like lesion on skin
46
hirsutism
excessive hair growth
47
hyperemia
redness of skin due to increased blood flow
48
hyperhidrosis
excessive sweating
49
hyperpigmentation
abnormal amount of pigmentation
50
ichthyoderma
scaly and dry skin
51
lesion
general term for injury or abnormality
52
leukoderma
white skin from lack of skin pigment
53
lipoma
fatty mass
54
macule
flat, discolored spot on skin
55
necrosis
condition of cell or tissue death
56
nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign
57
nodule
form, solid mass larger than 0.5 cm
58
onychomalacia
softening of nails
59
pailor
abnormal paleness of skin
60
papule
small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm
61
petechiae
spots from minute hemorrhages under skin
62
photosenitivity
skin reacts abnormally to light
63
pruritus
severe itching
64
purpura
skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels
65
purrlent
infection producing pus; dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris
66
pustule
raised spot on skin containing pus
67
pyoderma
having pus on or within the skin
68
scleroderma
hardened skin
69
seborrhea
oily discharge
70
suppurative
containing or producing pus
71
ulcer
open sore in skin
72
urticaria
hives; eruption of wheals with severe itching
73
vesicle
small, fluid-filled, raised spot; blister
74
wheal
small, round, swollen area; typical of allergic skin reaction
75
xeroderma
abnormally dry skin
76
abscess
collection of pus in skin
77
acne
inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles with papules and pustules
78
acne rosacea
chronic form of adult acne with redness and tiny pimples, primarily on nose
79
acne vulgaris
common form of teenage acne with comedo, papules, and pustulates
80
albinism
genetic condition; unable to make melanin; white hair and skin, and red eyes
81
basal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor in basal skin layer; common cancer; rarely metastasizes
82
burn
skin damage caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals; percentage of skin burned is estimated by Rule of Nines
83
First Degree Burn
skin reddened and painful; no blisters; damage to epidermis
84
Second degree burn
skin reddened and painful with blisters; damage to epidermis and dermis
85
Third degree burn
skin charred; epidermis and dermis burned away; subcutaneous layer exposed
86
celluitis
diffuse acute infection of connective tissue of skin
87
cicatrix
normal scar
88
decubitis ulcer
open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences; caused by loss of blood flow to skin
89
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
90
dermatosis
presence of a skin condition
91
dry gangrene
late stages of gangrene; affected area becomes dried, blackened, and shriveled
92
eczema
superficial dermatitis; redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting
93
gangrene
tissue necrosis due to loss of blood flow
94
ichthyosis
skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized
95
impetigo
highly infections bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over
96
Kaposi's sarcoma
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions
97
keloid
thick hypertrophic scar
98
keratosis
condition of excessive growth and thickening of epidermis layer
99
laceration
torn or jagged wound
100
malignant melanoma (MM)
dangerous form of cancer; begins in melanocytes; quickly metastasizes
101
pediculosis
lice infestation
102
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition with papules forming "silvery scale" patches
103
rubella
contagious viral infection; german measles
104
scabies
mite infection
105
sebaceous cyst
sebum filled sac forms around sebaceous gland
106
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
cancer of epidermis layer; may invade deeper tissue and metastasizes
107
strawberry hemangioma
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels; birthmark
108
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic disease of connective tissue; injures skin, joints and kidneys; produces red, scaly butterfly rash across face
109
tinea
fungal infection; itching and scaling lesions
110
tinea captis
fungal infection on scalp; ringworm
111
tinea pedis
fungal infection of foot; athlete's foot
112
varicella
contagious viral infection; chickenpox
113
verruca
warts; benign growth caused by a virus
114
vitillgo
disappearance of pigment from skin in patches; causes milk-white lesions
115
wet gangrene
area of gangrene with secondary bacterial infection and pus
116
alopecia
absence or loss of hair; baldness
117
carbuncle
furuncle involving several hair follicles
118
furuncle
bacterial infection of hair follicle; reddened, pain, and swelling; a boil
119
trichomycosis
fungal infection of hair
120
onychia
infected nail bed
121
onychomycosis
fungal infection of nail
122
onychophagia
nail biting
123
paronychia
infection of skin fold around nail
124
Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; then determines sensitivity to various antibiotics
125
biposy
removal of piece of tissue to examine under a microscope; aids in diagnosis
126
exfoliative cytology
scraping cells from tissue to examine under micrscope
127
frozen section
thin piece of tissue is cut from frozen specimen for rapid examination under microscope
128
fungal scrapings
scrapings from lesion is cultured and then examined under microscope
129
skin graft
transfer of skin from one normal area to cover another site
130
allograft
skin graft from one person to another, also called homograft
131
autograft
skin graft from one person's own body
132
xenograft
skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; also called a heterograft
133
dermatome
instrument for cutting sin or for producing thin transplants of skin
134
dermatoplasty
skin grafting
135
cauterization
destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing
136
cryosurgery
use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
137
curettage
removal of superficial skin lesion with a scraper
138
debridement
removal of foreign material and dead or damage tissue from wound
139
electrocautery
using an electric current to destroy tissue
140
incision and drainage
making and incision to drain material such as pus
141
onychetomy
surgical removal of a nail
142
chemabrasion
abrasions using chemicals; chemical peel
143
dermabrasion
abrasion using wire brushes or sandpaper; removes scars, tattoos
144
laser therapy
removal of lesion using a laser beam
145
liposuction
removal of fat beneath skin by means of suction
146
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; face lift
147
anesthetic
deaden pain
148
antibiotic
kill bacteria
149
antifungal
kill fungi
150
antiparasitic
kill mites or lice
151
antipruritic
reduce severe itching
152
antispetic
kill bateria
153
anti-viral
treat herpes simplex infection
154
corticosteroid cream
powerful anti-inflammatory
155
What are the organs of the integumentary system?
``` Skin Hair Nails Sweat Glands Sebaceous glands ```

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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