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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Respiratory System Flashcards

(128 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 6 organs of the respiratory system?

A 
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
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2
Q

What other system does the respiratory system work with?

A

Cardivascular system

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the respiration system?

A

Ventilation
Inhalation
Exhalation

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4
Q

Ventilation

A

Flow of air between outside environment and lungs

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5
Q

Inhalation

A

Flow of air into lungs

Brings fresh oxygen into air sacs

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6
Q

Exhalation

A

Flow of air out of lungs

Removes carbon dioxide from body

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7
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs

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8
Q

What does oxygen do in the external respiratory?

A

Leaves air sacs and enters blood stream

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9
Q

What does carbon dioxide do in the external respiratory?

A

Leaves blood stream and enters air sacs

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10
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level

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11
Q

What does oxygen do in the internal respiration?

A

Leaves blood stream and is delivered to tissue

Used immediately for metabolism

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12
Q

What does carbon dioxide do in internal respiration?

A

Waste product of metabolism

Leaves tisue and enters blood stream

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13
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Air enters through nares

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14
Q

What is the nasal cavity divided by?

A

Nasal Septum

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15
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth separates nasal cavity above from mouth below

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Small hairs line opening to nasal cavity

Filter out large dirt particles before they can enter lungs

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17
Q

What are the walls of the nasal cavity and nasal septum made of?

A

Cartilage

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18
Q

What covers the walls of the nasal cavity and nasal septum?

A

Mucous membrane

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19
Q

Mucus

A

Thick and sticky secretion of membrane that cleanses air by trapping dust and bacteria

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20
Q

What is the purpose of Capillaries in the mucous membrane?

A

Warms and humidifies air

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21
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Located within facial bones
Echo chamber for sound protection
Gives resonance to voice

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22
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

Air enters trachea while food/liquid enters esophagus

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23
Q

What systems uses the pharynx?

A

Respiratory

Digestive

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24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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25
Nasopharynx
Upper section by nasal cavity
26
Oropharynx
Middle section by oral cavity
27
Laryngopharynx
Lower section by larynx
28
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue that removes pathogens in air and food
29
What are the 3 pairs of tonsils?
Adenoids Palatine Lingual
30
Where is the auditory tube?
Nasopharynx
31
Auditory Tube
Tube opens with each swallow | Equalizes air pressure between middle ear and outside atmosphere
32
Larynx
Voice box | Muscular tube between pharynx and trachea that contains vocal cords
33
What are the walls of the larynx?
Composed of cartilage plates | Held in place by ligaments and muscles
34
What forms the adam's apple?
Thyroid cartilage
35
Vocal Cords
Folds of membraneous tissue that vibrates to produce sounds as air passes through opening between folds
36
Epiglottis
Flap of cartilage that sits above glottis | Covers larynx and trachea during swallowing
37
Trachea
Windpipe | Carries air from larynx to main bronchi
38
What is the trachea composed of?
Smooth muscle Cartilage rings Lined with mucous membrane and cilia
39
Bronchial Tubes
Distal end of trachea divides into branches to form secondary and tertiary bronchi
40
Alveoli
Bronchiole terminates into
41
Bronchioles
Bronchi continue to branch to form into
42
Pulmonary capillaries
encases each alveolus
43
What forms the respiratory membrane?
Alveoli wall and the capillary wall
44
Respiratory membrane
External respiration takes place across respiratory membrane
45
Lungs
Total collection of bronchi, bronchioles, and aveoli
46
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
47
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
48
What are the 3 parts of the lung?
Apex Base Hilum
49
Apex
Pointed superior portion
50
Base
Broad lower area of lung
51
Hilum
Entry and exit point of lung | Bronchi, blood vessels, nerves
52
What protects the lungs?
Ribs
53
What protects the lungs internally?
Pleura
54
What are the 2 parts of the pleura?
Parietal | Viceral
55
Parietal Pleura
Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity
56
Visceral Pleura
Inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs
57
Pleura
Folded to form a pleural cavity | Serious fluid between 2 pleural layers reduces friction when 2 layers rub together during ventilhation
58
Pleural cavity
Pleura is folded to form a sac around each lung
59
Respiratory Therapist
Measures lung volumes | Pulmonary function tests
60
Tidal Volume
Volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath
61
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal exhale
62
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhale
63
Residual Volume
Volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhale
64
Inspiratory Capacity
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory reserve volume
65
Functional residual Capacity
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
66
Vital Capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
67
Total Lung Capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
68
What respiratory muscles are used for inhalation?
Diaphragm | Intercostal Muscles
69
Intercostal muscles
Located between the ribs that increases negative pressure while enlarging thoracic cavity
70
What needs to happen in order to have an unforced exhale?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax Thoracic cavity becomes smaller Creates positive thoracic pressure Air flows out of lungs to equalize pressure
71
What is the respiratory rate dependent on?
Level of CO2 in blood
72
alveolar
pertaining to the alveoli
73
bronchial
pertaining to the bronchus
74
bronchiolar
pertaining to a bronchiole
75
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
76
epiglottic
pertaining to the epiglottis
77
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
78
nasal
pertaining to the nose
79
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
80
pleural
pertaining to the pleura
81
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
82
septal
pertaining to the nasal septum
83
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
84
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
85
anosmia
lack of the sense of smell
86
anoxia
unable to obtain oxygen from inhaled air
87
apnea
not breathing
88
asphyxia
lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death
89
aspiration
withdrawing fluid using suction; removing phlegm from patient's airway; inhaling food or liquid into trachea
90
bradypnea
breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate
91
bronchiectasis
having dilated brochi
92
bronchospasm
involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls
93
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
abnormal breathing pattern with long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing
94
Clubbing
abnormal widening & thickening of fingers due to chronic oxygen deficiency
95
crackles
abnormal crackling sound during inspiration; indicates fluid or mucus in airway; also rales
96
cyanosis
blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood
97
dysphonia
difficulty producing sound
98
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
99
epistaxis
a nosebleed
100
eupnea
normal breathing and respiratory rate
101
hemoptysis
cough up blood or blood-stained sputum
102
hemothorax
presence of blood in the chest cavity
103
hypercapina
ecessive carbon dioxide in the body
104
hyperpnea
taking deep breaths
105
hyperventilation
breathing too fast and too deep
106
hypocapnia
insufficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
107
hypopnea
taking shallow breaths
108
Hypoventilation
Breathing too slow and too shallow
109
hypoxemia
having insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air
110
laryngoplegia
paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx
111
orthopnea
difficulty breathing made worse by lying flat; patient breaths better sitting up
112
pansinusitis
inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
113
patent
open or unblocked
114
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by respiratory tract
115
pleural rub
grating sound made when layers of pleura rub together during respiration
116
pleurodynia
pleural pain
117
pyothorax
presence of pus in teh chest cavity
118
rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal cavity
119
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
120
rhinorrhea
fluid discharge from the nose; runny nose
121
rhonchi
musical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms
122
shortness of breath
indicates the patient is having difficulty breathing; also called dyspnea
123
sputum
phlegm coughed up from respiratory tract
124
stridor
harsh, high pitched breath sound; indicates obstruction in the airway
125
tachypnea
breathing fast; high respiratory rate
126
thoracalgia
chest pain; not angina pectoris
127
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
128
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Inhales fresh air into lungs Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide Exhale stale air

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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