endocrine
senses status and the signals to keep body’s functions in balance
the endocrine glands
hypothalamus pituitary thyroid parathyroid adrenal pancreas gonad
adeno
gland (any gland)
adreno
adrenal gland
on+kidney
pancreato
pancreas
pituitor
pituitary gland
hypophyso
pituitary gland
under+physis
thymo
thymus
gland
signal maker/sender in endocrine system
hypothalamus
main gland that sends signals to other glands
under the thalmus
main role: direct activity of pituitary gland –> causes release of releasing homones
what are the two parts of the pituitary gland
anterior
postior
anterior
origin for blood traveling hormones and stimulates other glands like thyroid
thyroid/o
thyroid
thyr/o
thyroid
hormones
signals
crin/o
secretion
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH; hormone that causes the arenal cortex to release hormones
THS
thyroid stimulating gland
what stimulates the gonads?
luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone
what are the three hormones that the thyroid makes
T4
T3
calcitonin
hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid; oversecretino of T3 and T4 into the blood causing body’s metabolic rate to increase and caused weight loss and a feeling of tiredness
hypothyroidism
under active thyroid; under secretion of T3 and T4 into the blood; weight gain and tiredness
calcitonin
hormone that encourages calcium in blood to be absorbed into the bone
parathyroid
creates a hormone that makes sure not too much calcium is in blood
pancreas
both endocrine and digestive organ
endocrine part: makes two hormones that keep level of sugar in blood in balance
insulin
decreases level of sugar in blood by encouraging cells to accept glucose
glucagon
works against insulin; tells liver to release stored sugar to increase amount in blood
adrenal gland
creates hormones in two parts (inner and outer)
inner part of adrenal gland
medulla: epinephrine or adrenaline
outer part of adrenal gland
cortex: release of corticosteroids
gonads
test in men and est in women
glycemia
checking glucose level in blood
hyperglycemia
high level of glucose in blood
hypoglycemia
low levels of glucose in blood
euglycemia
normal levels of glucose in blood
gluc/o
sugar
glus/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
crin/o
to secrete
endocrine
to secrete internally
-tropin
stimulating hormone
-emia
blood condition
-uria
urine condition
pituitary giantism
abnormally large
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally small
acromegaly
extra growth is disproportionate in face and long bones of body
exophthalmos
bulging of eyes
myxedema
due to hypothyroidism; swelling and puffiness of hands and feet
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urine
polyphagia
excessive hunger
adrenal virilism
development of male secondary sex characteristics due to over secretion of adrenal gland
hirutism
facial hair in women due to overactive adrenal gland
hypergonadism
overactive gonad gland
menarche
first occurrence of menstruation
thelarche
breast development
amenorrhea
lack of menstruation
gynecomastia
male breast development
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of extremities
extremities+abnormal enlargement
adrenal virilism
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secreation of adrenal glands
goiter
swollen thyroid gland
myxedema
swelling of skin caused by deposits under skin
-edema
swelling
epinephrine
same thing as adrenaline
gluconeogenesis
how fast sugar is being made
glycolysis
has fast sugar is broken down
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
GLOO koh SOO ree ah
uremia
presence of urinary waste in blood
yoo REE mee ah
adrenaline
hormone secreted by adrenal gland
-ine
chemical
corticotropin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
epinephrine
hormone secreted by adrenal gland (means same thing as adrenaline)
upon+kidney+chemical
gonadotropin
hormone that stimulates the gonads
insulin
hormone secreted by pancreas that controls the metabolism and update of sugar and fats
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates thyroid
endocrine
to secrete internally (usually into blood steam)
euthyroid
normal functioning thyroid
insufficient
gland that isn’t making enough of a hormone
diabetes
when glycogen and insulin from pancreas work against each other
adenoma
when tumor on a gland is benign
adenocarcinoma
when tumor on gland i s malignant
pituitary infarctions
bleeding into a gland causing those cells to die (in pituitary gland in this case)
adenitis
inflammation of gland
AD en AI tis
adenoma
glandular tumor
AD en NOH mah
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
MEH lih tis
hyperparathyroidism
over production of parathyroid glands
hyperthyroidism
overproduction of thyroid glands
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (found in insulin producing cells in pancreas)
panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of entire pituitary gland
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thryroid hormones
hormone replacement therapy
bringing hormone levels back to normal
adenectomy
complete removal of a gland
adrenalectomy
removal of adrenal gland
hypophysectomy
removal of pituitary gland
thymectomy
removal of thymus
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to thyroid gland
BS
blood sugar
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
CSII
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
DI
diabetes insipidus
DM
diabetes mellitus
FBS
fasting blood sugar
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
GH g
growth hormone
GTT
growth tolerance test
IDDM
insuline dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)
TFT
thyroid function test
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
T3
triiodothyronine (one of three primary produced by thyroid)
T4
thyroxine
insulin
hormone released when blood sugar is high; moves sugar into cells
chloremia
elevated blood levels of chloride
hypercalcemia
elevated blood levels of calcium
hyperkalemia
elevated blood levels of potassium (K)
hypermatremia
elevated blood levels of sodium (Na)
hyperphosphatemia
elevated blood levels of phosphate
calciuria
calcium in the urine
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
ketonuria
ketones in the urine