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Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (120)
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1
Q

endocrine

A

senses status and the signals to keep body’s functions in balance

2
Q

the endocrine glands

A
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal 
pancreas
gonad
3
Q

adeno

A

gland (any gland)

4
Q

adreno

A

adrenal gland

on+kidney

5
Q

pancreato

A

pancreas

6
Q

pituitor

A

pituitary gland

7
Q

hypophyso

A

pituitary gland

under+physis

8
Q

thymo

A

thymus

9
Q

gland

A

signal maker/sender in endocrine system

10
Q

hypothalamus

A

main gland that sends signals to other glands
under the thalmus
main role: direct activity of pituitary gland –> causes release of releasing homones

11
Q

what are the two parts of the pituitary gland

A

anterior

postior

12
Q

anterior

A

origin for blood traveling hormones and stimulates other glands like thyroid

13
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid

14
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid

15
Q

hormones

A

signals

16
Q

crin/o

A

secretion

17
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

ACTH; hormone that causes the arenal cortex to release hormones

18
Q

THS

A

thyroid stimulating gland

19
Q

what stimulates the gonads?

A
luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle-stimulating hormone
20
Q

what are the three hormones that the thyroid makes

A

T4
T3
calcitonin

21
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactive thyroid; oversecretino of T3 and T4 into the blood causing body’s metabolic rate to increase and caused weight loss and a feeling of tiredness

22
Q

hypothyroidism

A

under active thyroid; under secretion of T3 and T4 into the blood; weight gain and tiredness

23
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone that encourages calcium in blood to be absorbed into the bone

24
Q

parathyroid

A

creates a hormone that makes sure not too much calcium is in blood

25
Q

pancreas

A

both endocrine and digestive organ

endocrine part: makes two hormones that keep level of sugar in blood in balance

26
Q

insulin

A

decreases level of sugar in blood by encouraging cells to accept glucose

27
Q

glucagon

A

works against insulin; tells liver to release stored sugar to increase amount in blood

28
Q

adrenal gland

A

creates hormones in two parts (inner and outer)

29
Q

inner part of adrenal gland

A

medulla: epinephrine or adrenaline

30
Q

outer part of adrenal gland

A

cortex: release of corticosteroids

31
Q

gonads

A

test in men and est in women

32
Q

glycemia

A

checking glucose level in blood

33
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high level of glucose in blood

34
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low levels of glucose in blood

35
Q

euglycemia

A

normal levels of glucose in blood

36
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

37
Q

glus/o

A

sugar

38
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

39
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

40
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete internally

41
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

42
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

43
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

44
Q

pituitary giantism

A

abnormally large

45
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally small

46
Q

acromegaly

A

extra growth is disproportionate in face and long bones of body

47
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging of eyes

48
Q

myxedema

A

due to hypothyroidism; swelling and puffiness of hands and feet

49
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

50
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urine

51
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

52
Q

adrenal virilism

A

development of male secondary sex characteristics due to over secretion of adrenal gland

53
Q

hirutism

A

facial hair in women due to overactive adrenal gland

54
Q

hypergonadism

A

overactive gonad gland

55
Q

menarche

A

first occurrence of menstruation

56
Q

thelarche

A

breast development

57
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstruation

58
Q

gynecomastia

A

male breast development

59
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of extremities

extremities+abnormal enlargement

60
Q

adrenal virilism

A

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secreation of adrenal glands

61
Q

goiter

A

swollen thyroid gland

62
Q

myxedema

A

swelling of skin caused by deposits under skin

63
Q

-edema

A

swelling

64
Q

epinephrine

A

same thing as adrenaline

65
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

how fast sugar is being made

66
Q

glycolysis

A

has fast sugar is broken down

67
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

GLOO koh SOO ree ah

68
Q

uremia

A

presence of urinary waste in blood

yoo REE mee ah

69
Q

adrenaline

A

hormone secreted by adrenal gland

70
Q

-ine

A

chemical

71
Q

corticotropin

A

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

72
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone secreted by adrenal gland (means same thing as adrenaline)
upon+kidney+chemical

73
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormone that stimulates the gonads

74
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas that controls the metabolism and update of sugar and fats

75
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone that stimulates thyroid

76
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete internally (usually into blood steam)

77
Q

euthyroid

A

normal functioning thyroid

78
Q

insufficient

A

gland that isn’t making enough of a hormone

79
Q

diabetes

A

when glycogen and insulin from pancreas work against each other

80
Q

adenoma

A

when tumor on a gland is benign

81
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

when tumor on gland i s malignant

82
Q

pituitary infarctions

A

bleeding into a gland causing those cells to die (in pituitary gland in this case)

83
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of gland

AD en AI tis

84
Q

adenoma

A

glandular tumor

AD en NOH mah

85
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
MEH lih tis

86
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

over production of parathyroid glands

87
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overproduction of thyroid glands

88
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (found in insulin producing cells in pancreas)

89
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of entire pituitary gland

90
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thryroid hormones

91
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

bringing hormone levels back to normal

92
Q

adenectomy

A

complete removal of a gland

93
Q

adrenalectomy

A

removal of adrenal gland

94
Q

hypophysectomy

A

removal of pituitary gland

95
Q

thymectomy

A

removal of thymus

96
Q

thyroidotoxin

A

substance poisonous to thyroid gland

97
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

98
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

99
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

100
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

101
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

102
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

103
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

104
Q

GH g

A

growth hormone

105
Q

GTT

A

growth tolerance test

106
Q

IDDM

A

insuline dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

107
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

108
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

109
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

110
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine (one of three primary produced by thyroid)

111
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

112
Q

insulin

A

hormone released when blood sugar is high; moves sugar into cells

113
Q

chloremia

A

elevated blood levels of chloride

114
Q

hypercalcemia

A

elevated blood levels of calcium

115
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated blood levels of potassium (K)

116
Q

hypermatremia

A

elevated blood levels of sodium (Na)

117
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

elevated blood levels of phosphate

118
Q

calciuria

A

calcium in the urine

119
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

120
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine