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U.S. Government > Chapters 8 and 9 Test > Flashcards

Chapters 8 and 9 Test Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of mediums

A
  1. television
  2. newspapers
  3. radios
  4. magazines
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2
Q

examples of television

A

CBS, NBC, ABC, CNN, PBS, Fox Network

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3
Q

examples of newspapers

A

new york times, washington post, chicago tribune, los angeles times, wall street journal, christian science monitor, use today

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4
Q

examples of radio

A

nbc, cos, mutual broadcasting system, npr

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5
Q

examples of magazines

A

times, newsweek, us news and world report, the nation, the new republic, the national review

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6
Q

how do the mass media help shape the public agenda

A

they have the power to get the public to focus on a certain issue

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7
Q

how do the mass media help shape political campaigns

A

it has made political campaigns more image conscious and less focused on complex policy debates

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8
Q

what is a medium

A

means of communication

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9
Q

(true/false) most of the information that americans have about politics comes from the mass media

A

true

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10
Q

(true/false) television replaced newspapers as the principal source of news in the united states during the 1930s

A

false

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11
Q

(true/false) in recent decades there has been a sharp decline in the number of daily newspapers published in the united states

A

true

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12
Q

which of the following sequences lists the major mass media from most impact to least

A

television, newspapers, radio, magazines

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13
Q

which of the following carried mostly political news in its early days

A

newspapers

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14
Q

the impact of the mass media on the public agenda can best be described as its ability to tell people

A

what issues to think about

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15
Q

what are the 6 factors that shape public opinion

A
  1. family
  2. schools
  3. mass media
  4. peer groups
  5. opinion leaders
  6. historic events
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16
Q

types of information communicated from family

A

values, how to behave, morals, religious ideologies

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17
Q

types of information communicated from the schools

A

how to get along with others, formal and informal ways of learning

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18
Q

types of information communicated from the mass media

A

politics, public polices; the media gives a platform for opinion leaders

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19
Q

types of information communicated from peer groups

A

reinforces one’s opinions or creates one’s opinions

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20
Q

types of information communicated from opinion leaders

A

communicate information that people can draw ideas form politics and social issues

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21
Q

types of information communicated from historic events

A

feelings on issues that arise out of events or experiences

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22
Q

what does it mean to say that “many publics exists exist in the united states”

A

many groups of people who weigh in on subjects

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23
Q

why are family and school particularly important in shaping people’s political views

A

family and schools shape people who are most impressionable in childhood

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24
Q

(true/false) the views of different generations are formed in part by the different historical events that occurred during their lifetimes

A

true

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25
(true/false) each group with a distinct point of view on an issue of public policy can be considered a separate public with regard to that matter
true
26
which two groups have the strongest impact on political socialization in the united states
the family
27
an opinion leader is a person
whose views have more weight than the average person's
28
what are public affairs
include politics, public issues, and the making of public politics - those events and issues that concern the people
29
what are mass media
include those means of communication that reach large, widely dispersed audiences (masses of people) simultaneously
30
what are interest groups
private organizations whose members share certain views and objectives and work to shape the making and the content of public policy
31
what are public opinion polls
devices that attempt to collect information by asking people questions
32
what are straw votes
polls that sought to read the public's mind simply by asking the same question of a large number of people
33
what are samples
a representative slice of the total universe
34
what are random samples
(probability sample) a sample in which each member of the universe and each geographic area within it have a mathematically equal chance of being included
35
what are quota samples
a sample deliberately constructed to reflect several of the major characteristics of a given universe
36
what is public agenda
the societal problems that the nation's political leaders and the general public agree need government attention
37
what are sound bites
snappy reports that can be aired in 30 or 45 seconds or so
38
what is public policy
includes all of the goals that a government pursues in the many areas of the human affairs in which it is involved. examples: seat belt laws, setting speed limits, zoning, planning for flood control, providing old age pensions and the use of military force in international affairs
39
what are the 6 valuable functions of interest groups
1. raise awareness in public affairs 2. represent members on basis of shared attitudes 3. interests provide info. to government 4. vehicles for political participation 5. add element to checks and balances 6. regularly compete with one another
40
what is trade association
segments of the business community that have their own interest groups
41
what is labor union
an organization of workers who share the same type of job of who work in the same industry
42
what is a public interest group
an interest group that seeks to institute certain public policies of benefit to all or most people in this country, whether of not they belong to of support that organization
43
what is propaganda
a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors. interest groups that try to create public attitudes they want by using propaganda
44
what is single interest group
a variety of PAC (political action committee) that concentrate their efforts on one issue - for example, gun control, abortion, health care
45
what is lobbying
those activities by which PAC organizations bring pressure to bear on all legislators and the legislative process
46
what are the 8 types of interest groups
1. business groups 2. labor groups 3. agricultural groups 4. professional groups 5. groups that promote causes 6. organizations that promote the welfare of certain groups 7. religious organizations 8. single interest groups
47
what are business groups
looked to government to promote and protect it interests (businesses in America) examples: US Brewer's association and chamber pf commerce in MB
48
what are labor groups
organization of workers who share the same type of job or who work in the same industry examples: AFL-CIO (the american fed. of labor - congress of industrial organizations) and retail clerks international union
49
what are agricultural groups
serves interests of farmers and farm workers examples: national grange and national farmer's union
50
what are professional groups
occupations that require extensive and specialized training, such as medicine, law, and teaching examples: the american medical association (AMA), american bar association (ABA - lawyers), national education association (NEA)
51
what are groups that promote causes
a large number of groups exist to promote a cause or an idea examples: american civil liberties union (ACLU) and league of women voters
52
what are organizations that promote the welfare of certain groups
a number of interest groups seek to promote the welfare of certain segments of the population examples: national association for advancement of colored people (NAACP)
53
what are religious organizations
influence public policy in places like churches
54
what are single interest group
a pack that concentrates on a single issue
55
what is a mandate
instructions of a constituency gives to its elected officials
56
what is an interest group
private organization whose members attempt to share public policy according to their shared view of an issue or issues
57
what is a straw vote
poll that asks a single question to a large, self selected group
58
what is a random sample
sample in which each member of the universe has a mathematically equal chance of being selected
59
what is a quota sample
a sample deliberately constructed to reflect several of the major characteristics of the universe being studied
60
the most accurate means of assessing public opinion is through
scientific polling techniques
61
universe is a term used to refer to
the entire group whose opinions a poll seeks to measure
62
which of the following is a constitutional deliberately erected as a means to block immediate legal changes based on public opinion
guarantees of civil rights and liberties, the doctrine of separation of powers, and the doctrine of checks and balances
63
which are the most important factors in political socialization
family and education
64
a popular movie star who speaks publicly about a political issue may become
an opinion leader
65
if you asked the same question about an upcoming election to many people, you would be conducting a
straw vote
66
the most accurate way to measure public opinion is by
scientific polling
67
which of the mass media has the most impact on american politics
television
68
how has television affected political campaigns
it has made candidates less dependent on political parties
69
the public agenda refers to
the public issues people think and talk about
70
an interest group is a private organization that forms to
promote the interests of its members
71
a positive activity of interest groups is to
get people interest in public affairs, provide information to government, join together people from different parts of the country
72
a single interest group
concentrates on electing or defeating candidates based on one issue
73
a political action committee's purpose is to
raise money for political candidates
74
lobbyist activities are
regulated by law
75
5 ideologies that form the political spectrum
1. radical 2. liberal 3. moderate 4. conservative 5. reactionary
76
5 conservative opinion leaders
1. rush limbaugh 2. bill o' reilly 3. sean hannity 4. megan kelly 5. laura ingram
77
5 liberal opinion leaders
1. oprah 2. michael moore 3. anderson cooper 4. Keith oberman 5. bill mahr
78
3 historic events in your lifetime that shaped public opinion
1. 9/11 2. stock market crash 2008 3. northridge earthquake
79
4 historic events in the 18th, 19th, or 20th century that helped shape public opinion
1. great depression 2. holocaust 3. civil rights movement 4. bombing of pearl harbor
80
5 measures of public opinion
1. elections 2. polls 3. interest groups 4. mass media 5. personal contacts
81
6 forms of mass media
1. billboards 2. television 3. radio 4. magazines 5. newspapers 6. internet
82
what is the difference between straw votes and scientific polling
straw votes are polls that sought to read the public's mind simply by asking the same question of a large number of people. scientific polling is the accuracy of the poll with random sampling and statistics
83
5 steps of the polling process
1. define the universe to be surveyed 2. construct a sample 3. prepare valid questions 4. select and control how the polls will be taken 5. analyze and report their findings to the public
84
what is political spectrum
a line or continuum that shows the range of political opinions that can exist in a society
85
what is ideology
a collection of political, social, and economic beliefs that reveal the type and amount of change a person or group wishes to see in society
86
what is radical
favors extreme and immediate change, willing to use violence, and believes change comes in a new society or system
87
what is liberal
favors progress and reform, works for reform within existing systems, looks to the future for an improve society
88
what is moderate
favors a nonviolent practical approach to solving society's problems, may be "liberal" or "conservative" in outlook depending on given issue
89
what is conservative
favors society as it is or a reform to what society was in the past, opposed to abrupt change, values tradition
90
what is reactionary
favors extreme and immediate change, is willing to use violence, believes that change comes in the form of a restoration of society as it once was

U.S. Government (12 decks)

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