Chapter 5,6,7 Test Flashcards
1
Q
selecting candidates; the activity that sets political parties apart from other political groups
A
nominating
2
Q
informing and activating supporters; inform people and activate their interests in public affairs; parties share this function with ______________ and __________ groups
A
media, interest
3
Q
governing; helps _______ and executive branches work together; most appointments to executive branches are made on basis of ______, or allegiance to a political party
A
legislative; partisanship
4
Q
____________; party that is ________________ criticizes the party that controls the government; the loyal opposition urges votes to _________
A
watchdog; out of power, throw the rascals out
5
Q
all _________ can be defined as groups of persons who join together because they want to gain control of the government through winning elections
A
political parties
6
Q
allegiance to a political party is known as __________
A
partisanship
7
Q
in the united states, the major ____________ are the Democrats and the Republicans
A
parties
8
Q
the party that controls the executive branch is known as
A
party in power
9
Q
(true/false) the two major parties in the united states and election oriented rather than issue oriented
A
true
10
Q
(true/false) most federal appointments to executive offices are made on a partisan basis
A
true
11
Q
a political party is a group of persons who join together in order to
A
gain control of the government through the electoral process
12
Q
broadly based parties like those in the united state tend to reduce and moderate
A
encouraging conflicting groups to agree to compromise solutions
13
Q
5 roles/functions of political parties
A
- nominating candidates for public office
- inform/activate supporters
- establish issues and set goals for government
- to serve as watchdogs of the government/keep eye on other party
- provide day to day leadership in government
14
Q
what is consensus
A
general agreement
15
Q
what is pluralistic society
A
culture composed of many distinct subgroups
16
Q
the two party system in america goes back to the
A
ratification of the constitution
17
Q
the statement that “americans are an ideologically homogeneous people” refers to the fact that
A
americans share basic political ideals
18
Q
multiparty systems tend to produce
A
political instability
19
Q
which of the following groups would be most likely to support the democratic party
A
people whose parents supported the democratic party
20
Q
in the 1996 presidential election, president bill clinton was the (in the 2012 election, barack obama was the same)
A
incumbent
21
Q
which of the following was supported by the democratic-republicans
A
polices designed to help farmers and planters
22
Q
what are the names of the two major political parties in the united states
A
democrats and republicans
23
Q
the smaller political parties are usually called __________ parties
A
third (minor/independent) parties
24
Q
people who don’t want to register as a member of a political party can register as
A
nonpartisan (independent)
25
name three things that activate party members do during a campaign to get votes for their candidate
1. make phone calls
2. knock on doors
3. film videos for friends
4. work to register voters
5. drive people to polling parties
26
what are the 4 minor parties
1. ideological parties
2. single issue parties
3. economic protest parties
4. splinter parties
27
what are ideological parties and list an example
based on a particular set of beliefs - a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters
examples: libertarian party
28
what are single issue parties and list an example
focus on only one public policy matter
examples: right to life party
29
what are economic protest parties and list 2 examples
they have proclaimed their disgust with the major parties and demanded better times, and have focused their anger on such real or imagined enemies as the monetary system, "wall street bankers," the railroads, or foreign imports
examples: the populist party and tea party
30
what are splinter parties and list an example
those trial have split away from one of the major parties
examples: "bull moose" progressive party of 1912 (t. roosevelt)
31
what tends to happen to single issue parties
fade away into history, themes fail to attract voters
32
which type of minor party has been the longest lived
ideological parties
33
what useful functions have minor parties performed in american history
national conventions; draw attention to problems ignored by major parties
34
(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the "free choice" party is formed by people intent on legalizing the use of marijuana for medical purposes
single issue party
35
(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) a group of democrats, dissatisfied with the party's moderate nominee, decides to form a new "people's rights" party to back their more liberal leader, henry j smith
splinter party
36
(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) a group of angry midwestern farmers and laborers forms the "working people's" party, calling for higher tariffs, higher farm subsidies, and congressional term limitations
economic protest party
37
(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the "socialist justice" party calls for a complete overhaul of the american political, economic, and legal systems
ideological party
38
(single issue party, economic protest party, or splinter party) the "equity" party works for an end to affirmative action programs
single issue party
39
libertarian party
ideological party
40
democratic party
major party
41
populist party
economic protest party
42
bull moose party
splinter party
43
prohibition party
single issue party
44
the free soil party, the "know nothing" party, and the right to life party are all examples of
single issue parties
45
which of the following is a TRUE statement about splinter parties
most of the important minor parties in the nation's history have been splinter parties
46
unlike major parties, minor parties
take clear cut stands on controversial issues
47
what is a political party
a group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office
48
what are major parties
includes republican and democratic party (since 1884)
49
what is party in power
the party that controls the executive branch of government - the presidency at the national level of the governorship at the state level
50
what is plurality
the largest number of votes cast for the office, election includes 2 or more people
51
what is bipartisan
two major parties find common ground and work together
52
what is pluralistic society
one consisting of several distinct cultures and groups
53
what is consensus
a general agreement among various groups - on fundamental matters
54
what is multiparty
a system in which several major and many lesser parties exit, seriously competing for, and actually win, public offices
55
what is an incumbent
current officeholder
56
what is an electorate
people eligible to vote
57
what are ideological parties
those based on a particular set of beliefs - a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters
58
what are single issue parties
focus on only one public-policy matter
59
what are economic protest parties
have been rooted in periods of economic discontent
60
what are splinter parties
those that have split away from one of the major parties
61
what is party out of party
party that doesn't control the executive branch
62
constitution 1789
white male property owners over 21
63
constitution 1850 (dropped religious and property qualifications)
almost all adult white males
64
constitution 1870 (15th amendment)
adult males including african males
65
constitution 1920 (19th amendment)
women given the right to vote
66
constitution 1971 (26th amendment)
include 18,19,20 year old meant and women
67
during the last 200 years, americans have broader the right to vote by eliminating barriers based on ________ belief, ____________ ownership, _____________ payment, race, and ______________
religious, property, tax, sex
68
the right to vote
franchise and suffrage
69
the potential voting population
electorate
70
(true/false) in the first decades after ratification of the constitution, some states denied voting rights to people based on their religious beliefs
true
71
(true/false) the 23rd amendment allowed residents of the district of columbia to vote in presidential elections
true
72
the fifth and latest expansion of the american electorate came in 1971 when suffrage was extended to
persons 18 and above
73
under the constitution, the power to set suffrage qualifications belongs to
the states
74
the voting rights act of 1965 was an effort to ensure voting rights for
african americans
75
who can vote today
eighteen, citizen, resident of state, and registered
76
groups of citizens who could vote in 1800
white men over 21 who owned property
77
what is an electorate
the body of persons entitled to vote in an election
78
what is ratified
to approve
79
what is poll tax
a fee paid to vote
80
14th amendment
white men who don't own property
81
15th amendment
black men over 21
82
19th amendment
women
83
23rd amendment
residents of washington dc
84
26th amendment
18 to 20 year olds
85
what are the two reasons that states adopted residency requirements
1. to prevent the importing of enough people to fix the outcome of an election
2. to ensure that voters have time to inform themselves about candidates and issues
86
what is the oldest minimum age a state can set for voters
18
87
what kinds of information are voters usually asked to give when they register to vote
name, age, place of birth, present address, length of residence
88
why were literacy tests abolished
they were used to discriminate against people based on their race
89
in what region of the country was the poll tax once used? why was it abolished?
in the south; because it was used to discourage african americans from voting
90
what groups of persons are widely barred from voting
people in mental hospitals, those who are legally found to be mentally incompetent, and those conceited of serious crimes
91
__________ is the ability to read or write
literacy
92
_________ was a sum of money that had to be paid by the voter at the time he or she cast a ballot
poll tax
93
election officials are regularly supposed to _______ their ________ of the names of those who no longer meet voting requirements
purge, poll books
94
what is registration
procedure of voter identification
95
what is literacy
ability to read or write
96
what is transient
person who lives in a state for a short time
97
what are poll books
list of a precinct's registered voters
98
what is purge
remove from a list of legal voters
99
no states allows ___ to vote
mentally incompetent persons
100
the youngest age at which qualified citizens are allowed to vote in primary elections is
17
101
voter registration laws have been criticized in recent years for
discouraging poor and uneducated persons from voting
102
literacy tests were banned by ____ because they were ____
congress; used to discriminate against african americans
103
the _______ was ratified in 1870. it states that no citizen can be denied suffrage on the basis of ____, color, or previous condition of ______
15th amendment, race, servitude
104
the _________ forbade discriminatory _________ requirements
civil rights act of 1964, registration or literacy
105
the ___________ attacked the use of the __ tax and _____ tests
voting rights act of 1965, poll, literacy
106
in 1975 the law was extended to cover states and counties in which more than 5% of the adult population belongs to the following groups
hispanics, asian americans, native americans, inactive americans
107
(true/false) today ballots must be printed in a second language in areas where language minorities make up more than 5% of the population
true
108
the law that made the 15th amendment a truly effective part of the constitution was the
voting rights act of 1965
109
the law that outlawed discrimination in job related matters and banned the discriminatory use of registration requirements was the
civil rights act of 1964
110
(true/false) about 75% of those eligible to vote did so in the 2000 presidential election
false
111
(true/false) the "time zone fallout" problem has to do with the fact that polls on the eastern seaboard often close before most people leave work in the evening
false
112
(true/false) independents are people who have strong party affiliation
false
113
(true/false) this process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions is known as political socialization
true
114
the largest of the following groups that cannot vote is
resident aliens
115
which of the following persons is most likely to vote
a 48 year old college professor in chicago
116
in the long term, ____ account(s) for how an individual votes most of the time, but in a given election, _____ may be more important
party identification, candidates and issues
117
what is registration
the process of officially filling out the paperwork and signing up to vote. (procedure of voter identification intended to prevent fraudulent voting)
118
what is purging (the voter registration records)
the removal of registered voters that are no longer eligible to vote, should happen every 2-4 years in order to remove those who have moved, died, or is convicted of a felony and sent to prison
119
what are poll books
the official lists of qualified voters in each precinct
120
what is off year election
the elections that take place in even numbered years between presidential when congressional elections take place (2014, 2018 off year)
121
what is political socialization
the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
122
what is party identification
the loyalty of people to a particular political party (party identification is the single most significant predictor of how a person will vote)
123
what is straight ticket voting
the practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election
124
what is split ticket voting
the practice of voting for candidates of more than one party in an election (cross over voting)
125
what is an independent
a term regularly used to identify those people who have no party affiliation
126
what is political action committees (PACs)
the political arms of special interest groups
127
what are subsidies
grants of money from federal and/or state treasuries
128
what is soft money
money given to state and local party organizations for such "party building activities" as voter registration or party mailings and advertisements; money given to state and local organizations for voting related activities
129
what is hard money
money that is subject to reporting requirements and amount limits; campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC
130
the nominating process
narrows the field of possible candidates for an election
131
voters select government officials during the
general election
132
in a closed primary
generally only registered party members may vote (CA is a closed primary)
133
the election process is largely governed by
state law
134
congress has set the day for national elections as
the tuesday after the first monday in november in even numbered years
135
the place at which voters actually vote is a
polling place
136
an australian ballot
is printed at the public's expense, lists the names of all candidates, and is given out only at the polls
137
which of the following is an example of soft money
money given to a major party for a television ad about the party's goals
138
self announcement
a candidate files paperwork officially with the intent of running for office; candidate themselves or friend notifies the public
139
convention
elected delegates select party's nominees
140
direct primary
party members vote for candidates from their party on a ballot that has both parties
141
closed primary
only declared parties members can only vote for candidates of their own party
142
open primary
qualified voters in/out of a party can vote
143
why is the nominating process particularly important in a two party system
narrows person's choices from 17 to 1
144
(true/false) nomination means the naming of candidates who will seek office
true
145
(true/false) in a nonpartisan election, candidates are not identified by party
true
146
what is nomination
naming of candidates for office
147
what is caucus
like minded group that meets to select candidates for office
148
what is blanket primary
primary in which a voter may vote to nominate a candidate from either party
149
what is open primary
primary in which any qualified voter can take part
150
what is closed primary
primary in which a voter may vote only for those candidates within the party of which he or she is a member
151
write in candidates use the nominating process of
self announcement
152
the most recently developed method of selecting candidates for office is
the direct primary
153
national convention (term or when it takes place)
every 4th year in presidential election
154
national convention (role)
to nominate the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates, adoption of party s rules and the writing of its platform
155
national committee (role)
handles party's affairs, staging party's national convention, and prepares next national convention
156
national chairperson (term or when it takes place)
4 year term
157
congressional campaign (term and when it takes place)
2 year term
158
congressional campaign (role)
reelect incumbents, makes sure that seats given up by retiring party members remain in the party unseat incumbents of any party
159
the party out of power operates at a disadvantage because it has no leader comparable to
president
160
in recent years, there has been a sharp rise in the number of voters who identify themselves as
independents
161
what is ward
a unit into which cities are often divided for the election of city council members
162
what is precinct
smallest unit of election administration; voters in each report to 1 polling place
163
what is split ticket voting
voting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election
164
(true/false) split ticket voting has increased in recent decades
true
165
(true/false) wards are the units into which states are divided for the election of congressional representatives
false
166
(true/false) in recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in the number of voters who regard themselves as independents
true
167
the automatic leader of the party in power is the
president
168
between elections, the affairs of both major parties are handled by each party's
national committee
169
Main Idea A
candidates spend a great deal of money on political campaigns
170
main idea A (2 examples)
- the presidential election eats up by far the largest share of campaign dollars
- television accounts for the largest share of spending, with other money spent on etc
171
main idea B
private donors come in many different shapes and sizes
172
main idea B (2 examples)
- non party groups, such as PACs and temporary fund raising groups
- temporary organizations formed for the specific campaign
173
main idea C
laws that the federal election commission (FEC) enforces cover four areas
174
main idea C (2 examples)
- limits on campaign contributions
| - limits on campaign expenditures
175
main idea D (there are three major loopholes in campaign finance laws) (2 examples)
- soft money contributions can easily be filtered into presidential and congressional campaigns
- campaign money can be spent on issue ads that plug a candidates viewpoint without mentioning the candidates name
176
(true/false) by far the largest sum spent in political campaigns goes to buying television time
true
177
(true/false) neither corporations nor labor unions are allowed to make direct contributions to candidates for federal office
true
178
(true/false) soft money operates as a loophole in election laws because it is given to political parties rather than to political candidates
true
179
most of the money used in political campaigns comes from
large donations by private givers
180
political action committees (PACs) are
special interest groups that have a major stake in public policy
181
list 3 reasons why do many citizens choose not to exercise their right to vote
- citizens do not care
- they do not feel represented by any candidate or party
- citizens believe their vote doesn't count
182
the right to vote is also known as
suffrage
183
4 voting requirements in california
1. US citizen
2. resident of california
3. 18 years or older on election day
4. not currently imprisoned or on parole or mentally incompetent
184
3 reasons why some groups were denied the right to vote
1. had mental illness
2. currently imprisoned
3. on parole
185
voters should be well-___________ of the issues and candidates before the vote
informed
186
6 sources you could use to gather information to decide how you will vote
1. internet (candidate's website)
2. social media
3. mail
4. speeches
5. debates
6. books
187
pick 2 sources and explain why you consider those sources reliable
I consider the speeches and candidate's website 2 sources that are reliable. for one, the speeches serve as information coming directly from the candidate and their websites is a platform that informs people on what they stand for
188
national chairperson (role)
directs work of the party's headquarters and its small staff in washington, strengthen party and its fortunes leader of national committee
