Chemistry 12 (TDM and carbohydrates) Flashcards
(27 cards)
digoxin excretion and T1/2
renal
36hr
dig tox increased by
Quinidine Calcium channel blockers hypokalemia hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hypoxia hypothyroidism
false positive digoxin test in
endogenous digoxin-like substances
neonates, pregnant women, liver or renal failure
procainamide causes
drug induced lupus
Also isoniazid and hydralazine
improtant facts abotu procainamide metabolism
cleared by liver
metabolite (NAPA) is cleared by kidneys
both are active so measure both
Class IA antiarrythmic agents
quinidine
disopyramide
procainamide
all block K and Na channels
cinchonism
tinnitus, vertigo and blurred vision caused by quinidine
quinidine tox
AMS, cinchonism, wide QRS, prolonged QT, hypotension
phenytoin tox
horizontal gaze nystagmus, ataxia, AMS, cardiac conduction problems
fetal hydantoin syndrome
from phenytoin
MR, microcephaly, IUGR
midfacial hypoplasia, hypertelorism, flat philtrum
amiodarone toxic to
lungs, thyroid, liver, peripheral nerves
amiodarone effects with other drugs
clearance decreased by warfarin
increased concentration with digoxin
things that counter the effects of insulin
glucagon, epinephrine, steroids, GH, thyroxine, somatostatin, hPL
more specific enzymatic assay for glucose
Hexokinase coupled with G6PD
in un-separated tube, glucose___
decreases 5-10mg/hr
whole blood glucose compared with plasma
whole blood 10-15% less
insulin/glucose ration in insulinoma
> 180
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia most commonly due to
insulinoma
non-ketotic, hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia seen in
autoimmune, liver failure, starvation
most frequest antibodies in DM1
GAD65, ICA512, IAA
diagnostic of DM
FPG>126
non-fasting >200 with classic symptoms
2hr OGTT >200
GMD screen if avg risk
100g OGTT at 24-28wk
+ if 2 of >95 fasting, >180@1hr, >155@2hr, >140@3hr,
50g OGTT + if
> 140
diagnosis of DKA
hyperglycemia >200
ketosis
met acidosis <15
