TM 4 (Blood groups)

Question 1

Increased by enzymes

Answer 1

ABO (Lewis, I/i, P)
Rh
Kidd

Question 2

Decreased by enzymes

Answer 2

MNS, Duffy

Question 3

Room-temp, usually clinically insignificant Abs

Answer 3

M, N, Lewis, I, P

Question 4

Alloantibody notorious for becoming undetectable

Answer 4

Kidd

Question 5

Dosage

Answer 5

Kidd, Duffy, Rh, MNS

Question 6

Carbohydrate antigens

Answer 6

ABO, Lewis, I, M, N, P

Question 7

Location of A & B genes

Answer 7

Ch9

Question 8

Type 1 H-antigen chains present where

Answer 8

Secretions

Question 9

Type 2 H-antigen chains present where

Answer 9

RBC membranes

Question 10

Se gene

Answer 10

FUT2 enzyme adds fucose to type 1 chains
Makes Type 1 H-antigen in secretions
80% gene frequency

Question 11

H gene

Answer 11

FUT1 enzyme adds fucose to type 2 chains
Makes Type 2 H-antigen on RBCs
~100% gene frequency

Question 12

Group A sugar

Answer 12

N-acetylgalactosamine on terminal galactose

Question 13

Group B sugar

Answer 13

Galactose on terminal galactose

Question 14

Relative amounts of H by blood group

Answer 14

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

Question 15

Group A2

Answer 15

less A than A1

may make anti-A1

Question 16

What agglutinates A1 but not A2

Answer 16

Dolichos biflorus

Question 17

ABO frequencies in Caucasians

Answer 17

O-45%
A-40%
B-10%
AB-5%

Question 18

ABO frequencies in AAs

Answer 18

O-50%
A-25%
B-20%
AB-5%

Question 19

Neutralized by guinea pig urine

Answer 19

Sda

Question 20

Neutralized by Hydatid cyst fluid

Answer 20

P1

Question 21

Neutralized by saliva

Answer 21

H

LeA

Question 22

Neutralized by breast milk

Answer 22

I

Question 23

Neutralized by pigeon egg fluid

Answer 23

P1

Question 24

Neutralized by plasma

Answer 24

Chido

Rogers

Question 25

Acquired B phenotype

Answer 25

Type A person with enteric Gi rods forward type is discrepant with weak (1-2+) reaction to anti-B sera the bacteria deacetylate GalNAc to galactosamine (which looks similar to galactose)

Question 26

Bombay phenotype

Answer 26

no Se or H gene (hh,sese) | strong anti-H, all are type O

Question 27

Parabombay phenotype

Answer 27

have Se gene, but not H Serum/secretion testing shows free H have anti-H in serum

Question 28

Lewis blood group has Type ___ chains

Answer 28

Type 1 (floating in plasma)

Question 29

How is Lewis A made

Answer 29

Le gene (FUT3) adds fucose to subterminal GalNAc = LeA

Question 30

How is Lewis B made

Answer 30

in secretors, FUT 2 adds fucose to LeA to make LeB

Question 31

Person with Se gene and Le gene is

Answer 31

Lewis B

Question 32

Lewis antigens are/aren't tightly bound to RBCs

Answer 32

Are NOT

Question 33

% of blacks vs white who are Lewis negative

Answer 33

22% AA | 6% Caucasians

Question 34

Lewis Ags during pregnancy

Answer 34

decrease, may look Le(a-, b-) and make Abs

Question 35

H. pylori attaches via

Answer 35

LeB

Question 36

Le(a-b-) children have increased risk of

Answer 36

UTI

Question 37

Auto-anti-i

Answer 37

EBV

Question 38

Auto-anti-I

Answer 38

Mycoplasma pneumoniae | cold-agglutinin dz

Question 39

anti-P,P1,Pk assd with

Answer 39

HDFN | spontaneous abortions

Question 40

P Ag is _____ receptor

Answer 40

Parvovirus B19

Question 41

Titers of anti-P1 increase in

Answer 41

Echinococcus infxn | Bird handlers

Question 42

PCH

Answer 42

anti-P Donath-Landsteiner biphasic hemolysin, IgG Assd with syphilis and viral infxn in children

Question 43

Weiner haplotypes

Answer 43

R1 DCe r' dCe R2 DcE r" dcE R0 Dce r dce Rz DCE ry dCE

Question 44

order of haplotypes in caucasians

Answer 44

R1 > r > R2 > R0

Question 45

order of haplotypes in AAs

Answer 45

R0 > r > R1 > R2

Question 46

Most common haplotype in AAs

Answer 46

R0 (Dce)

Question 47

Most common haplotype in caucasians

Answer 47

R1 (DCe)

Question 48

up to __% of D- will make anti-D to 1 unit RBCs

Answer 48

80%

Question 49

Weak D =

Answer 49

red cells get coated but not agglutinated by anti-D | do IAT

Question 50

Partial D

Answer 50

lacks portions of D-antigen