Chemistry 6 (Acid/Base)

Question 1

Respiratory acidosis due to

Answer 1

decreased elimination of CO2 (hypoventilation)

Question 2

respiratory alkalosis due to

Answer 2

increaased elimination of CO2 (hyperventilation)

Question 3

henderson hasselbach equation

Answer 3

pH=pKa + log(base/acid)

Question 4

hydrogen ion concentration =

Answer 4

24 x (pCO2/HCO3-)

Question 5

normal pH and pKa

Answer 5

7.4 and 6.1

Question 6

normal ratio of HCO3- to pCO2

Answer 6

20:1

Question 7

machine that measures HGB sat directly

Answer 7

pulse oximeter

Question 8

machine that measures directly oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and carbodyhemoglobin

Answer 8

co-oximeter

Question 9

type of HGB not measured by co-oximeter

Answer 9

sulfhemoglobin

Question 10

anion gap calculation

Answer 10

Na-(Cl+HCO3)

normal <12

Question 11

what can mask anion gap

Answer 11

hypoalbuminemia

Question 12

corrected anion gap

Answer 12

Gap + 2.5(4-albumin)

Question 13

6 causes of low anion gap

Answer 13

1. paraprotein
2. decreased albumin
3. hypermagnesemia
4. hypercalcemia
5. lithium
6. hypophosphatemia

Question 14

osmol gap equation

Answer 14

measured Osm - (2Na + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8)

normal <10

Question 15

Delta-Delta

Answer 15

change in bicarb:change in anion gap

should be 1:1

Question 16

in metabolic acidosis, pH and HCO3 go

Answer 16

down and down

Question 17

in respiratory acidosis, pH and HCO3 go

Answer 17

down and up

Question 18

in metabolic alkalosis, pH and HCO3 go

Answer 18

up and up

Question 19

in respiratory alkalosis, pH and HCO3 go

Answer 19

up and down

Question 20

appropriate compensation of metabolic acidosis

Answer 20

for each decrease of 1.3 mEq HCO3

pCO2 decreases by 1

Question 21

appropriate compensation for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

for each increase of 0.6 mEq HCO3

pCO2 increases by 1

Question 22

appropriate compensation for acute respiratory alk/acid

Answer 22

1mmHg change in pCO2

0.1 mEq HCO3 in same direction

Question 23

apprpriate compensation for chronic respiratory alk/acid

Answer 23

1mmHg change in pCO2

0.4 mEq HCO3 in same direction

Question 24

anion gap acidoses

Answer 24

methanol, 
uremia, 
DKA, 
paraldehyde, 
isoniazid, 
lactic acid, 
ethylene glycol, 
salicylate

Question 25

non-anion gap acidoses

Answer 25

``` hyperalimentation acetazolamide diarrhea RPA ureteroenteric fistula pancreatoduodunal fistula spironolactone ```

Question 26

increased osmol gap with metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

``` methanol paraldehyde propylene glycol diethyele glycol EtOH ```

Question 27

increased osmol gap without metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

``` glycerol sorbitol mannitol acetone isopropyl alcohol EtOH ```

Question 28

chloride resistant metabolic alkaloses

Answer 28

``` hyperaldosteronism cushing steroids licorice Bartter syndrome Milk-alkali syndrome ```