Chemistry Vocabulary Flashcards
(280 cards)
1
Q
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water (aqueous) solution.
A
Acid (Arrhenius)
2
Q
Self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes.
A
Autolysis
3
Q
The same as one thousandth of a liter.
A
Milliliter
4
Q
The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
A
Viscosity
5
Q
Standard unit of volume in the metric system.
A
Liter
6
Q
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared.
A
Isotonic Solution
7
Q
The reaction between a fat and a stong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap).
A
Saponification
8
Q
The symbol for the element Zinc.
A
Zn
9
Q
The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
A
Putrefaction
10
Q
A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol (R) denoting a radical.
A
General Formulas
11
Q
An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached.
A
Alkyl Halide
12
Q
A physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas); condition of the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
A
State of Matter
13
Q
An inorganic salt used to maintain the acid-base balance.
A
Sodium Phosphate
14
Q
The symbol for the element Bromine.
A
Br
15
Q
A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high molecular-weight alcohols (not glycerol).
A
Wax
16
Q
Anthing that occupies space and has mass.
A
Matter
17
Q
A monovalent radical of the general formula CnH2n+1 formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom.
A
Alkyl Group
18
Q
The prefix for 1/1,000,000th.
A
Micro
19
Q
Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.
A
Humectants
20
Q
The possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same number of atoms of each element, but in different arrangement.
A
Isomerism
21
Q
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.
A
Adipocere (Gravewax)
22
Q
Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution.
A
Buffers
23
Q
A carbohydrate formed by the linking of two monosaccharide units.
A
Disaccharide
24
Q
A mixture of alkybenzydimethylammonium chlorides. It and several very similar mixtures are used in the embalming labratory in solutions for sterilization of instruments.
A
Benzalkonium Chloride
25
A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid.
Peptide Bond
26
A number used to represent the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in a chemical change.
Oxidation Number
27
The ability of a system or material to do work.
Energy
28
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
Hypotonic Solution
29
Any organic compound with the general formula ROR1, where R and R1 are hydrocarbon groups, formed by the dehydration between two alcohols.
Ether
30
Water hardness that cannot be removed by boiling. The addition of chemicals must be used. Caused by the chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Permanent Hardness of Water
31
A combination of symbols used to express the chemical composition of a substance.
Formula
32
The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration with then two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent.
Osmosis
33
A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water; a reaction between a salt and water to yield an acid and a base of unequal strengths.
Hydrolysis
34
A modifying agent, this is a thick liquid often added to embalming fluids. Its purpose is to increase the solubility of various compounds, to delay the firming action of formaldehyde and to serve as a humectant.
Glycerol (Glycerin)
35
Any class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms, the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain.
Ketone
36
The measure of how well two substances mix.
Solubility
37
The physical change from a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
38
The prefix for ten.
Deka
39
A solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent.
Unsaturated Solution
40
A group of atoms that acts as a unit and possesses a charge.
Polyatomic Ion
41
Conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid form as a result of a physical or chemical change.
Liquefaction
42
Energy that is stored.
Potential Energy
43
The symbol for the element Nitrogen.
N
44
A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms ad the linkage of every atom.
Structural Formula
45
A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen.
Carbonyl Group
46
The predecessor of chemistry, with its roots in Egypt. The Greeks named Egypt Kemi, because of the rich black soil.
Alchemy
47
The symbol for the element Arsenic.
As
48
A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon-carbon multiple bonds; formally called the paraffin series.
Alkane
49
A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. It is normally found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
50
A ratio of densities with water as the standard.
Specific Gravity
51
The symbol for the element Calcium.
Ca
52
A decrease in oxidation number; a gain of electrons; a combination of a substance with hydrogen.
Reduction
53
The condition of water which results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Hardness of Water
54
A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO).
Aldose
55
Means by which heat and cold are expressed; means to measure how hot or cold a substance is.
Temperature Scale
56
The symbol for the element Tin.
Sn
57
The existence of an element in two or more distinct forms.
Allotropism
58
A hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
Alkene
59
The bass SI unit of temperature equal to 1/273.15 the absolute temperature of the triple point of water.
Kelvin
60
A sample of matter with uniform composition.
Homogeneous
61
A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.
Alkyne
62
The temperature scale defined so that the freezing point of water is 0o and its boiling point is 100o at 1 atmosphere of pressure.
Celsius Temperature (oC)
63
The removal of water from a substance.
Dehydration (Desiccation)
64
The symbol for the element Silver.
Ag
65
All embalming fluids will contain some of this since it is so closely associated with the manufacture of formalin. Some fluids contain extra amounts because it stabilizes formalin and because it is both a solvent and a germicide.
Methanol (Methyl Alcohol, Wood Alcohol)
66
A positively charged atom or group of atoms.
Cation
67
Fluids whose purpose is to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility.
Pre-Injection Fluids
68
The total amount of formaldehyde which protein will combine with to be completely preserved.
Formaldehyde Demand
69
A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, without indicating how they are linked.
Molecular Formula
70
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons.
Secondary Alcohols
71
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.
Diffusion
72
A substance that donates a proton.
Acid (Bronsted-Lowry)
73
A six carbon sugar molecule.
Hexose
74
A five-carbon sugar.
Pentose
75
The symbol for the element Iron.
Fe
76
A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
Element
77
The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes.
Embalming Fluids
78
A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydroxy alcohol.
Examples:
* Sugars
* Starches
* Glycogen
Carbohydrate
79
The symbol for the element Chlorine.
Cl
80
A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but undergoes no net change itself during the reaction.
Catalyst
81
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon.
Primary Alcohol
82
A chemical bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
Covalent Bond
83
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups. The general formula is RCHO where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
Aldehyde
84
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.
Solution
85
The symbol for the element Magnesium.
Mg
86
Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies that have been autopsied.
Autopsy Chemicals
87
That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing copounds.
Organic Chemistry
88
A state of matter which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another. No definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container.
Gas
89
Liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated into embalming fluids.
Vehicles
90
A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid. It is noted for its ability to dehydrate tissue.
Ethanol
91
The concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming.
Arterial Fluid
92
A charactertistic that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.
Chemical Properties
93
The smallest dose of a poison (or radiation) on recor that produces death.
Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD)
94
An example of a wetting agent (surfactant) added to embalming fluids to increase penetrability.
Sodium Laurel Sulfate
95
The same as one millionth of a meter.
Micrometer
96
The process by which a substance is given a definite form.
Crystallization
97
That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.
Biochemistry
98
In any chemical or physical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed but merely transformed from one form to another.
Law of Conservation of Energy
99
The prefix for 1/100th.
Centi
100
A compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize.
Hydrate
101
Used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemicals that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural postmortem processes and/or prevent any other adverse reactions from occurring between the blood and the other embalming chemicals.
Anticoagulants
102
Any compound containing a resonance stabilized ring such as benzene or toluene.
Aromatic
103
The process of converting soluble protein into insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemica such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.
Coagulation
104
A polyhydric alcohol that is used as a modifying agent as well as for its humectant qualities.
Sorbitol
105
A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound and that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound.
Functional Group
106
A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass.
Mixture
107
An inorganic salt added to embalming fluid to help preserve the acid-base balance, to keep blood from clotting, and in some instances, for hypertonic effect.
Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salts)
108
A univalent radical and the functional group of the basic compounds in inorganic chemistry and the alcohols in organic chemistry.
Hydroxyl-(The Hydroxyl Group)- OH
109
An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen that has one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
110
A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.
Acid (Lewis)
111
The building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group, and a radical.
Amino Acid
112
The standard metric unit for length.
Meter
113
The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between each.
Embalming Chemistry
114
The conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form.
Solidification
115
A solution-like system in which the size of solute particles is between 1 and 100 nanometers. Partices of solute pass through filters but not membranes.
Colloid
116
An iron-containing protein molecule occurring in red blood cells of vertebrates.
Hemoglobin
117
A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas.
Sublimation
118
The quantity of matter present in an object.
Mass
119
A hydrocarbon which contains only single bonds.
Saturated Hydrocarbon
120
An atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge.
Ion
121
An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups. I.e. glycerol.
Trihdroxy Alcohol
122
The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties.
Periodic Table
123
The prefix for 100
Hecto
124
The material upon which an enzyme works.
Substrate
125
The symbol for the element Flourine.
F
126
Natural or synthetic matter that is used to impart color to another material.
Dye
127
A compound that can act as both an acid and a base.
Amphoteric
128
Pertaining to any number of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branch chain structures.
Aliphatic
129
Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the arterial fluid to be used.
Modifying Agent
130
A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.
Concentrated Solution
131
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
Enzyme
132
A group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surface.
Accessory Chemicals
133
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.
Oil
134
A polymer made by linking together a number of simple sugar molecules. Starches and celluose are examples.
Polysaccharide
135
Type of lipid that is formed by the reaction of three fatty acid molecules and glycerol.
Triacylglycerol (Trigycerides, Neutral Fats)
136
The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume.
Solid
137
The suffix that refers to an aldehyde.
-al
138
A chemical reaction in which an element or radical in one compound exchanges places with another element or radical in another compound.
Metathesis Reaction
139
Concerned with the composition of a particular kind of matter, the forces holding its parts together, and its observable properties.
Nature of Matter
140
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer.
Polymerization
141
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids.
Fat
142
The simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose. They cannot be hydrolized to a smaller carbohydrate molecule.
Monosaccharide
143
The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death.
Thanatochemistry
144
A solution in which water is the solvent.
Aqueous Solution
145
The symbol for the element Gold.
Au
146
One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed.
Chemical Change
147
The symbol for the element Copper.
Cu
148
The symbol for the element Oxygen.
O
149
The measure of the gravitational pull on an object.
Weight
150
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbon
151
The symbol for the element Aluminum.
Al
152
A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid.
Vapor
153
An aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant. It penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration.
Phenol
154
A change in the form or state of matter without a change in chemical composition, which include color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point.
Physical Properties
155
The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
Decay
156
The same as one tenth of a meter.
Decimeter
157
An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat. Tend to form positive ions.
Metal
158
A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid.
Freezing
159
An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH).
Carboxylic Acid (Organic Acid)
160
The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources.
Imbibition
161
The force per unit area exerted on a material.
Pressure
162
A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
163
A negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
Anion
164
A calcium sulfate often found in hardening compound as a filler that promotes hardening.
Plaster of Paris
165
A reaction in which a single free element replaces or is substituted for one of the elements in a compound.
A+BC -----------\> B+AC
Single Replacement Reaction
166
Supplemental fluids may be separate fluids or ones enhancing arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants.
Restorative Fluids
167
An animal starch made by forming chains of alpha glucose molecules.
Glycogen
168
The prefix for 1,000.
Kilo
169
A chemical reaction that releases or gives off heat.
Exothermic Reaction
170
Those alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group.
Polyhydroxyl Alcohol
171
An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group.
Monohydroxy Alcohol
172
A simple sugar (monosaccharide) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6
Glucose
173
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an un pleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one. Formerly called reodorants.
Deodorants
174
A compound with the general formula RCOOR1 (where R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen, and R1 is a hydrocarbon group). It is formed from an alcohol and organic (or carboxylic) acid by removal of water (dehydration).
Ester
175
The nitrate ions are converted by bacteria to nitrite ions which react with hemoglobin to form nitrous-hemoglobin giving the skin a reddish color.
Potassium Nitrate (also Sodium Nitrate)
176
A sugar whose functional groups are hydroxyl (-OH) groups and a ketone (C=O) group.
Ketose
177
A solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure.
Saturated Solution
178
Formula used to conserve space over a structural formula.
Line Formula
179
Components of embalming solutions used in inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids; to inhibit decomposition; to kill microorganisms; destroy odors and to eliminate their futher formation; and to inactivate enzymes.
Preservatives
180
The injection taking place after the initial, primary, or first injection.
Secondary Injection
181
A lipid whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids, an alcohol, and other substances.
Compound Lipid
182
The removal of an amino (-NH2) group from a compound.
Deamination
183
The prefix for one million.
Mega
184
Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water.
Salt
185
Often used as a water conditioner and for its anti-coagulant action in arterial fluids.
Sodium Citrate
186
The symbol for the element Lead.
Pb
187
Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water.
Formalin
188
Additional germicides added to embalming fluids.
Supplementary Germicides
189
A subatomic particle with negative electrical charge and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton. Found outside the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
190
An expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons.
Type Formula
191
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through semi-permeable membrane. The size of the solute particles is less than one nanometer.
True Solution
192
A mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particle is greater than 100 nanometers. Particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes.
Suspension
193
A biological compound that is a polymer of many amino acids.
Protein
194
The tendency of a body to resist change in motion.
Inertia
195
The symbol for the element Helium.
He
196
A compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols.
Simple Lipid
197
In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed but merely changed in form.
Law of Conservation of Mass
198
The symbol for the element Radium.
Ra
199
A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires heat from its surroundings.
Endothermic Reaction
200
The symbol for the element Mercury.
Hg
201
The symbol for the element Iodine.
I
202
The disruption and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by head or chemicals.
Denaturation
203
A very dense, small, positively charged center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom in the form of protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
204
A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets.
Emulsion
205
The same as a milliliter.
Cubic Centimeter
206
A substance that donates a pair of electrons.
Base (Lewis)
207
A combination of chemical symbols and formulas used as a shorthand way to represent the reactants and products in a chemical change.
Chemical Equation
208
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.
Molecule
209
The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
Neutralization
210
A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative mass number of 1 and an electrical charge of +1.
Proton
211
A red dye derived from the action of bromine on fluorescein. It is very commonly used in arterial fluids.
Eosin
212
The rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light.
Combustion
213
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The general formula for a monohydroxy is R-OH where R is a hydrocarbon group.
Alcohol
214
The act of mixing two insoluble liquids.
Emulsification
215
A compound consisting of oxygen combined wiht ony one other element.
Oxide
216
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of solution. Usually refers to a percentage. I.e. 25= 25%
Index
217
The suffix that refers to an alcohol.
ol
218
The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes that matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes.
Chemistry
219
Energy of a body by virtue of its motion.
Kinetic Energy
220
A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount.
Solute
221
Having the quality of being easily converted at a relatively low temperature from the liquid to the gaseous state.
Volatile
222
An organic compound containing nitrogen; any of a group of compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary is R-NH2*
Amine
223
Can be removed by boiling and is due to the presence of the bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium.
Temporary Hardness of Water
224
Concentrated embalming chemicals that are injected into the cavities of the body following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for surface and hypodermic embalming of the problem areas.
Cavity Fluids
225
The process of dissolving.
Solvation
226
Abbreviation for an element.
Symbol
227
A preservative found in emblaming fluid. Unlike formaldehyde, this contains two aldehyde groups on every molecule. For this reason, it is called a dialdehyde. Combines with proteins in such a way to make them very resistant to attack by bacteria. It also inhibits the enzymes which cause autolysis. It is used in several arterial and cavity fluids. Unlike formaldehyde, this is a liquid. (Note: it was one of the three disinfectants used on Apollo XI when it returned from the moon).
Glutaraldehyde
228
The neutralization product of formaldehyde and ammonia.
Urotropin (Methenamine, C6H12N4)
229
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
Surface Tension
230
Characteristics by which substances may be identified.
Properties
231
The prefix for 1/1,000th.
Milli
232
A substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely.
Liquid
233
The symbol for the element Sodium.
Na
234
Surface-active agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral, and nasal cavities and instruments.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUADS)
235
The symbol for the element Potassium.
K
236
The symbol for the element Hydrogen.
H
237
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
Hypertonic Solution
238
1,000 grams. The basic unit of mass in the metric system.
Kilogram
239
A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution.
Precipitate
240
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.
Base (Arrhenius)
241
A substance that accepts a proton.
Base (Bronsted-Lowry)
242
The dissociation of a substance in solution into ions.
Ionization
243
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is in turn attached to three other carbons.
Teritiary Alcohol
244
The same as one hundreth of a meter.
Centimeter
245
A polymer of formaldehyde and exists as a solid. It is almost pure formaldehyde. It is insoluble, so it cannot be used in embalming fluids. It is most commonly used in powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and emblaming powder.
Paraformaldehyde
246
Any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl group (C=O) for hydrogen, or from an acid by replacing the -OH group by an amino group (-NH2).
Amide
247
A chemical compound similar to an alcohol, in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfur atom (-SH).
Thioalcohol (Mercaptan)
248
A method for expressing low concentrations; 1 is equavalent to 1 milligram per liter.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
249
The measure of hydrogen ion concentation of a solution.
pH
250
A poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic (poisonous) to humans.
Toxin
251
The removal of a carboxyl (-COOH) group from a compound.
Decarboxylation
252
A very mild antiseptic added to embalming fluid. It helps regulate the acid-base balance.
Boric Acid
253
A charged entity consisting of only a single atom.
Monatomic Ion
254
The ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.
Concentration
255
The prefix for 1/10th
Deci
256
The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor tate by forming bubbles.
Boiling
257
An ion composed of two atoms.
Diatomic Ion
258
An organic compound containing two aldehydes (-CHO) radicals.
Dialdehyde
259
An alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups.
Dihydroxy Alcohol
260
The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
Density
261
Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures.
Surfactants
(Surface Tension Reducers, Wetting Agents, Penetrating Agents)
262
A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount.
Solvent
263
A solution containing relatively small amount of solute.
Dilute Solution
264
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree C at 15 degrees C.
Calorie (Small c)
265
The change of state from a solid to a liquid.
Melting
266
Used to maintain the acid-base balance. Carbonates reduce graying action for formaldehyde action.
Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride
267
A preservative found in embalming fluid. It is also a disinfectant. It reacts with proteins, causing them to become firm and more resistant to bacteria. Inhibits autolytic enzymes. It is a gas at room temperature.
Formaldehyde
268
A large molecule made by linking together a number of monomers, or basic chemical units.
Polymer
269
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass.
Compound
270
The combination of a substance with oxygen; an increase in oxidation number, a loss of electrons.
Oxidation
271
The microbial (enzymatic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions.
Fermentation
272
That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry
273
The amount of a poison (or radiation) that will kill 50% of the group to which it has been administered.
Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
274
Any element which is not a metal. Tend to form negative ions.
Nonmetal
275
An alkaline compound often found in arterial fluids to minimize graying action of formaldehyde yet will not deactivate it. It also inhibits blood clotting.
Sodium Tetra Borate (Borax)
276
Consisting of or composed of dissimilar elements of components, not having a uniform quality throughout.
Heterogeneous
277
Any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body.
Poison
278
The symbol for the element Cadmium.
Cd
279
A Greek word that means an infusion which literally means "poured into".
Chemia
280
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.
Atom
