Chemistry Compend- True or False Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
Embalming fluid is a compound.
A
False
Mixture
2
Q
Normal body temperature is considered to be 37 degrees C, or 98 degrees F.
A
True
3
Q
The rate of diffusion is increased by a decrease in temperature.
A
False
Increased by an increase in temperature
4
Q
Hydrolysis is the process by which water splits compounds and introduces its own constituents.
A
True
5
Q
The partial oxidation of aldehydes yields alcohols.
A
False
Partial oxidation of methanol produces formaldehyde
6
Q
Commercial formalin is a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
A
False
7
Q
Ammonia reacts chemically with formaldehyde.
A
True
8
Q
Methanal is a colorless gas with an irritating odor.
A
True
9
Q
A solution which is hypotonic to the blood will cause red blood cells to swell and burst.
A
True
10
Q
Enzymes are destroyed by heat.
A
True
11
Q
The substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts.
A
True
12
Q
The amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.
A
False
13
Q
Proteins as well as amino acids are amphoteric.
A
True
14
Q
The presence of glycerine in embalming fluids increases their ability to diffuse.
A
True
15
Q
Glycerol is used in embalming fluid primarily for its dehydrating action.
A
False (It is used for the opposite)
16
Q
In a solution, the substance which exists in the greater amount is called the solute.
A
False (Solvent)
17
Q
Ammonia is one of the gases produced from the decomposition of proteins.
A
True
18
Q
Lactic acid is important to the embalmer because it is involved in the onset of rigor mortis.
A
True
19
Q
Methanal hardens proteins.
A
True
20
Q
The characteristic firming action of formaldehyde is inhibited as the proteins decompose.
A
True
21
Q
Formalin is an example of a solution.
A
True
22
Q
Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic.
A
True
23
Q
Glycerol acts as a preservative in embalming fluids.
A
False (It is a humectant)
24
Q
Wood alcohol inhibits the polymerization of formaldehyde.
A
True
25
Saponification refers to the action of an alkali on a fat.
True
26
Autolysis is the digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes.
True
27
Water is used as the solvent in embalming fluids.
True
28
Sodium citrate is used in embalming fluids to reduce the surface tension.
False (Anticoagulant)
29
Formalin is a compound.
False
30
Hot formaldehyde solutions give off formaldehyde gas more readily than cold solutions.
True
31
Methanal is a synonymous name for formaldehyde.
True
32
Formaldehyde is polymerized on heating to form paraform or paraformaldehyde.
True
33
Formaldehyde is toxic to living tissues.
True
34
Formaldehyde may be neutralized by ammonia.
True
35
Formaldehyde is readily oxidized by formic acid.
True
36
Proteins are characterized as being very large complex molecules.
True
37
Ponceau is used in embalming chemicals as a dye.
True
38
The formaldehyde index is best defined as the number of grams of methanal, the solute, per 100 ml of solution.
True
39
Sorbitol is used in arterial fluid as a modifying agent.
True
40
During life, the normal pH of most body fluids is slightly acidic.
False
| Slightly basic
41
After death, the pH of the blood of the body undergoes a change.
True
42
Borax is used in embalming fluids to mask the odor of formaldehyde.
False
| Buffer
43
Sodium lauryl sulfate is an example of a surface active agent.
True
44
A heterogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution.
False
| Homogenous mixture of two or more substances is a solution
45
In a solution the substance which exists in the smaller amount is called the solvent.
False
| Solute
46
A dilute solution contains a relatively small amount of solvent.
False
| Relatively small amount of solute
47
A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute.
True
48
A supersaturated solution exists when the conditions of temperature and pressure are other than ordinary and there is more solute dissolved than the solvent will hold under normal conditions.
True
49
An unsaturated solution is one with less solute than the solvent is capable of holding under ordinary conditions.
True
50
A solution with equal amounts of solvent and solute is called an isotonic solution.
False
51
Alcohol can be used as a solvent in embalming fluid solutions.
True
52
A hypotonic solution will have a lower osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.
True
53
A hypertonic solution will have a higher osmotic pressure than the solution to which it is compared.
True
54
A blood cell, placed in a solution isotonic to its contents, will swell and burst.
False
| Remain the same
55
A blood cell, placed in a solution hypertonic to its contents, will show no change in its size or condition.
False
| Shrivel
56
A blood cell, placed in a solution hypotonic to its contents, will lose moisture and shrivel.
False
| Swell and burst
57
There can be no more than one solute in a solution.
False
58
Solubility is a term relating to the ability of a solute to enter into a particular solvent to create a solution.
True
59
The solubility of a solid solute is usually increased by an increase of the temperature of the solvent.
True
60
Atmospheric pressure variations on the surface of the solvent will not affect the solubility of a gas.
False
61
Non-metallic elements or radicals usually have a negative valence.
True
62
Metallic elements or radicals usually have a positive valence.
True
63
A solution containing all the solute in it is capable of holding under ordinary conditions is called super-saturated.
False
| Saturated
64
Metallic elements usually combine chemically by giving up an electron or electrons from its outer orbital ring.
True
65
The valance electrons of both metallic and non-metallic substances are usually found in the nucleus of the atom.
False
| Outer Ring
66
Water containing metallic ions such as calcium, magnesium, or iron is called hard water.
True
67
Bicarbonate hardness is called permanent hardness and may be softened by boiling.
False
68
The release of ions from a substance in solution is ionization.
True
69
A positively charged ion is called an anion.
False
| cation
70
A negatively charged ion is called a cation.
False
| anion
71
In electrolysis the anions are drawn to the positive pole.
True
72
In electrolysis the cations are drawn to the negative pole.
True
73
A substance which, in solution, releases both positively and negatively charged ions is classified as an electrolyte.
True
74
The numerical range of the pH scale is 0 to 14.
True
75
The pH system is a method of measuring the H ion concentration of a substance in solution.
True
76
A neutral reading on the pH scale is between 7.3 and 7.4.
False
77
The pH scale reading for normal blood is 7.0.
False
| 7.35-7.45 slightly basic
78
Readings on the pH scale from 0 to 6.9 designate acids.
True
79
Readings on the pH scale of 7.1 to 14 designate bases.
True
80
Blue litmus paper placed in a base solution would show no significant color change.
True
81
Red litmus paper placed in a solution and showing a color change from red to blue would indicate an acid.
False
| Base
82
The most abundant compound on earth is water.
True
83
When the water of crystallization is removed from a crystalline substance, the resulting substance is called anhydrous.
True
84
Substances which attract an absorb moisture from the air are called hygroscopic substances.
True
85
Acids, bases, and salts are not good electrolytes because they ionize.
False
86
An acid is a chemical combination of hydrogen and a metallic element.
False
87
Electrolytes conduct an electric current.
True
88
Colloidal particles are smaller than crystalloids.
False
| Larger
89
An example of a suspension is clay and water.
True
90
A hypertonic solution is one with a lower concentration.
False
| Higher concentration
91
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
True
92
A solution which has water as its solvent is an aqueous solution.
True
93
A solution appears to be composed of only one substance.
True
94
The solvent is the substance which causes the solute to be dissolved.
True
95
The main constituent of an acid is oxygen.
False
96
Acids and bases which undergo the neutralization process form salt and water.
True
97
Strong acids ionize poorly.
False
98
Hydrogen is contained in all acids.
True
99
Bases ionize into hydroxyl ions.
True
100
Bases contain the hydrogen ion or proton.
False
101
Hydrogen plus certain non-metals will yield an acid.
True
102
Salts are compounds which have a metal as the positive ion and a non-metal or radical as the negative ion.
True
103
A saturated solution is one in which the solvent has dissolved as much solute as is possible at that temperature and pressure.
True
104
Formalin is 37% by volume and 40% by weight formaldehyde gas dissolved in water.
False
| 40% by volume and 37% by weight
105
The secondary dilution of embalming fluid takes place when the solution mixes with the blood and tissue fluids.
True
106
Passage of embalming fluid from the large arteries to the small arteries is known as fluid diffusion.
False
| Fluid Distribution
107
Circulation of embalming fluid through the arteries and capillaries is known as fluid distribution.
True
108
Secondary dilution of the embalming solution is one of the problems presented by an edematous case.
True
109
Sugar and water form a true solution.
True
110
The change of a gas or vapor into a liquid is known as condensation.
True
111
Viscosity means the resistance of a liquid to flow.
True
112
The process of the separation of crystalloids from colloids is known as ossification.
True
113
Passing from the solid to gaseous state, directly, is referred to as ossification.
False
| Sublimation
114
Crystalloid particles are smaller than colloids.
True
115
A solution which has alcohol as its solvent is known as a tincture solution.
True
116
A solution containing a large amount of solute is said to be dilute.
False
| Small amount of solute
117
Reduction is the loss of electrons by an atom with an increase in positive valance.
False
| Gaining of electrons by an atom
118
Water is considered the universal solvent.
True
119
The composition of water by volume is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
True
120
Water containing calcium or magnesium salts in solution is called soft water.
False
| Hard Water
121
Crystalloid solutions are known as "True Solutions."
True
122
Putrefaction is a type of decomposition of dead organic matter under aerobic conditions.
False
| Anaerobic Conditions
123
The oxygen involved in decay is free atmospheric oxygen.
True
124
Tissue gas is caused by gas producing bacteria.
True
125
Ptomaine is a very poisonous, organic, base-like substance containing nitrogen.
True
126
Preservative chemicals inactivate microorganisms.
True
127
HCHO will not firm or gel protein.
False
128
HCHO will coagulate protein substances.
True
129
HCHO is used as a disinfectant and preservative.
True
130
Phenolic compounds and alcohols are used in arterial fluids as preservatives and tissue fixatives.
True
131
Germicides are agents capable of destroying bacteria.
True
132
Humectants are dehydrating agents.
False
| Retain moisture
133
Lanolin and glycerol act as buffers.
False
| Humectants
134
Buffers are used to control the pH and toxicity of the body tissues.
True
135
Sodium citrate and EDTA will soften water.
True
136
Surfactants are used as wetting agents to increase surface tension and reduce penetration.
False
| Decreases surface tension and increases penetration
137
Modifying agents used to break up clots and prevent further clotting are known as anticoagulants.
True
138
The dyes used to restore a natural and life-like appearance are non-staining dyes.
False
| Active Dyes
139
Benzaldehyde is known as oil of wintergreen.
False
| Smells like almonds
140
Co-injection fluids are used with arterial fluids in solution.
True
141
Jaundice fluids contain reducing agents, bleaching agents, and counter-staining compounds.
True
142
The penetration power of hardening compounds is high.
False
143
Heat will cause HCHO gas to be liberated more readily.
True
144
Light will bleach out the cosmetic effect of embalming fluids.
True
145
Most embalming fluids contain buffers to control the pH within them.
True
146
The meaning of the word oxygen is acid former.
True
147
Hydrogen is an inactive element.
False
148
The action of certain metals on water will produce hydrogen.
True
149
The oxidation of iron will form an oxide called rust.
True
150
Halogen means water former.
False
| Hydrogen means water former
151
The valence of the Halogen family is -1.
True
152
Oxygen and hydrogen in the free state exist in their molecular form as 02 and H2.
True
| Diatomic elements
153
A halide contains at least one halogen in a salt compound.
True
154
Temporary hard water can be softened by boiling.
True
155
Na2O is an oxide.
True
156
The main constituent of an acid is hydrogen.
True
157
Acids + bases react to produce a salt + water.
True
158
H2SO4, sulfuric acid, is a common ternary acid.
True
159
Formaldehyde is a powerful germicide and disinfectant.
True
160
The line formula for methanal is CH30H
False
| HCHO
161
When a primary alcohol is oxidized, an aldehyde is formed.
True
162
Glycerol is a complex alcohol.
True
163
Ethyl alcohol is also known as grain alcohol.
True
164
Another name for formaldehyde is methanol.
False
| Methanal
165
Secondary alcohols have two OH groups.
False
(A secondary alcohol is one in which there is an OH group that is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it).
166
The saturated hydrocarbons are compounds containing a single covalent bond between adjacent carbon atoms.
True
167
Alkyl halides are formed by the replacement of 1 or more hydrogen atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbons with a halogen.
True
168
All alkanes are saturated.
True
169
Alkenes are alkynes are unsaturated aliphatic compounds.
True
170
All monosaccharides can be represented by the formula C12H22O11
False
| C6H12O6
171
Any carbohydrate that contains an aldehyde group is classified as a ketose.
False
| Aldose
172
The carbohydrate in the blood is in the form of glucose.
True
173
The oxidation of carbohydrates is normally the main source of body energy.
True
174
Proteins contain the elements C, H, O, N, and sometimes S and P.
True
175
Fats are composed of amino acids.
False
| Fatty acids
176
Proteins are components of all living matter.
True
177
Proteins are amphoteric.
True
| Reacts to both a base and an acid
178
As a group, amines are toxic.
True
179
When amines are dissolved in water, they become acidic.
False
| Basic
180
The first member of the amine compounds is ethyl amine.
False
| Methane
181
The general formula for amines is RNH2.`
True
182
Ethyl ether is important since it can be used as a general anesthetic.
True
183
The ethers are many times referred to as the organic oxides.
True
184
An ester may be produced by the interaction of an alcohol with a base.
False
| Alcohol and acids with a catalyst
185
Esters as a class have an unpleasant odor.
False
186
The general formula for esters is RCOOH.
False
| RCOOR
187
Methanoic acid is an example of an organic acid.
True
188
Ethers are responsible for giving many flowers and fruits their characteristic odors.
False
| Esters
189
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid.
True
190
Organic acids as a class are weak acids.
True
191
The line formula for formic acid is CH3COOH.
False
| HCOOH
192
The functional group of the organic acids is known as the carbonyl group.
False
| Carboxyl group
193
Acetone is the first member of the ketone series.
True
194
Ketones are made from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol.
True
195
Acetaldehyde is prepared by the oxidation of methyl alcohol.
False
| Formaldehyde
196
Formaldehyde has a marked tendency to polymerize.
True
197
Acetone is a good organic solvent.
True
198
Monosaccharides are represented by the molecular formula C6H12O6.
True
199
The action of enzymes can be altered by heat.
True
200
Glycine is an amino acid.
True
201
Sucrose is a monosaccharide.
False
| Disaccharide
202
Salivary amylase or pytalin is a carbohydrate-splitting enzyme.
True
203
Amino acids do not coagulate when treated with protein coagulating agents.
False
204
Glycogen is an example of a disaccharide.
False
| Polysaccharide
205
Hemoglobin is an example of a carbohydrate.
False
| Protein
206
Fats are amphoteric.
False
207
Glucose is an example of a disaccharide.
False
| Monosaccharide
208
Toxicology is that science which deals with poisons, their action on the body and the treatment of their effects.
True
209
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more mutually insoluble substances.
True
210
Fats have a lower specific gravity than water.
True
211
Ptomaines are basic compounds formed during the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter.
True
212
Imbibition is the ability of colloidal substances to absorb water.
True
213
To form proteins, many amino acids are linked together by peptide linkages.
True
214
Since the amino acids contain the NH2 group, they exhibit only basic properties.
False
215
Fermentation is the decomposition of carbohydrates brought about by the action of enzymes.
True
