Microbiology Packet

Question 1

Mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one bacterial organism by another.

Answer 1

Antagonism

Question 2

The symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment.

Answer 2

Commensalism

Question 3

The relationship in which two organisms of two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each.

Answer 3

Mutualism

Question 4

An interactive relationship between two organisms in which one is harmed and the other benefits.

Answer 4

Parasitism

Question 5

The living together in close association of different species.

Answer 5

Symbiosis

Question 6

The harmonious action of two microorganisms producing an effect that neither could produce alone.

Answer 6

Synergism

Question 7

A chemical or physical agent that kills disease-causing microorganisms- generally used on inanimate objects.

Answer 7

Disinfectant

Question 8

The destruction of infectious agents by chemical or physical means directly applied to inanimate objects.

Answer 8

Disinfection

Question 9

Disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has low mortality. (example: lyme’s disease)

Answer 9

Endemic

Question 10

Appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the same geographic region.

Answer 10

Epidemic

Question 11

A disease affecting the majority of the population at the same time in many different parts of the world.

Answer 11

Pandemic

Question 12

Is an endemic chronic or acute?

Answer 12

Chronic

Question 13

Are epidemics and pandemics chronic or acute?

Answer 13

Acute

Question 14

Produced or arising from within a cell or organism.

Answer 14

Endogenous Infection

Question 15

Originating outside an organ or part.

Answer 15

Exogenous Infection

Question 16

Glycoprotein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen. These can be natural or man-made.

Answer 16

Antibody (Immunoglobulin)

Question 17

A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it.

Answer 17

Antigen

Question 18

Relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease.

Answer 18

Virulence

Question 19

Dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity.

Answer 19

Attenuation

Question 20

Increase in severity of a disease.

Answer 20

Exacerbation

Question 21

Any rod-shaped microorganism.

Answer 21

Bacillus

Question 22

A type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form.

Answer 22

Coccus

Question 23

The presence of viable bacteria in the blood stream.

Answer 23

Bacteremia

Question 24

Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood.

Answer 24

Septicemia

Question 25

Bacteria present in the blood and/or the tissues.

Answer 25

Sepsis

Question 26

An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual (Incubation).

Answer 26

Biological Vector

Question 27

A living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body parts or surface. (Needle, cosmetic brush, phone).

Answer 27

Mechanical Vector

Question 28

Bacteria that prefers moderate temperatures and develops best at temperatures between 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C.

Answer 28

Mesophile

Question 29

Bacteria that thrive best at high temperatures between 40 degrees C and 70 degrees C.

Answer 29

Thermophile

Question 30

Bacterial toxin confined within the body of the bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria.

Answer 30

Endotoxin

Question 31

A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium, generally protein in nature.

Answer 31

Exotoxin

Question 32

One in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body.

Answer 32

Focal Infection

Question 33

Infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there.

Answer 33

Local Infection

Question 34

Infection caused by two or more organisms.

Answer 34

Mixed Infection

Question 35

A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous.

Answer 35

Fungus

Question 36

One-celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista- most are unicellular although some are colonial.

Answer 36

Protozoa

Question 37

An original infection from which a second one originates.

Answer 37

Primary Infection

Question 38

Infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection.

Answer 38

Secondary Infection

Question 39

A genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters.

Answer 39

Staphylococcus

Question 40

A genus of bacteria containing gram-negative rods, which form a chain-like colony.

Answer 40

Streptobacilli

Question 41

Gram-positive bacilli that occur in chains.

Answer 41

Streptococci

Question 42

Localized accumulation of pus.

Answer 42

Abscess

Question 43

A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid.

Answer 43

Cyst

Question 44

A small elevation of the skin containing pus.

Answer 44

Pustule

Question 45

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue.

Answer 45

Ulcer

Question 46

Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid.

Answer 46

Vesicle

Question 47

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venus drainage; may be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria.

Answer 47

Moist Gangrene (Wet Gangrene)

Question 48

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed.

Answer 48

Dry Gangrene (Ischemic Necrosis)

Question 49

Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.

Answer 49

Arteriosclerosis

Question 50

A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls.

Answer 50

Atherosclerosis

Question 51

Free floating object in the bloodstream.

Answer 51

Embolism

Question 52

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot.

Answer 52

Thrombosis

Question 53

The part of the circulatory system where embolisms usually occur.

Answer 53

Venus System

Question 54

The part of the circulatory system where thrombosis usually occurs.

Answer 54

Arterial System

Question 55

Pus in the pleural cavity.

Answer 55

Empyema

Question 56

Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 56

Ascites

Question 57

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac.

Answer 57

Hydropericardium

Question 58

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity.

Answer 58

Hydrothroax

Question 59

What does the pleural cavity deal with?

Answer 59

Lungs

Question 60

The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells.

Answer 60

Hyperplasia

Question 61

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ or the body.

Answer 61

Hypoplasia

Question 62

Infection acquired in a hospital.

Answer 62

Nosocomial

Question 63

Results from the adverse activity of medical personnel.

Answer 63

Iatrogenic

Question 64

Of unknown cause. (Example- essential hypertension, cancers, etc.)

Answer 64

Idiopathic

Question 65

Decrease in the size of an organ or tissue in the body. Most commonly occurs in muscles.

Answer 65

Atrophy

Question 66

Disease characterized by the appearance of great numbers of immature and abnormal white blood cells.

Answer 66

Leukemia

Question 67

Increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood.

Answer 67

Leucocytosis

Question 68

Abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood.

Answer 68

Leucopenia

Question 69

Relative incidence of a disease in the population or number of cases in a given time at a given population.

Answer 69

Morbidity Rate

Question 70

Number of deaths in a given time or place or proportion of deaths to a population.

Answer 70

Mortality Rate

Question 71

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow.

Answer 71

Osteomyelitis

Question 72

Loss of bone density.

Answer 72

Osteoporosis

Question 73

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin. A common cause is asphyxia.

Answer 73

Petechia

Question 74

Postmortem bruises.

Answer 74

Tardieu Spots

Question 75

Condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin.

Answer 75

Purapura