Microbiology Compend- Multiple Choice Flashcards by Heather Clark

Vaccines bring about a type of immunity refered to as:

Innate
Active
Passive
Naturally acquired

Active

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The type of immunity which is the result of placental transfer of antibodies is called:

Naturally acquired active
Naturally acquired passive
Artifically acquired active
Artifically acquired passive

Naturally Acquired Active

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The serum derived from an animal that has been immunized to an infectious disease and is used to confer immunity to others, including humans, is called:

A vaccine
Antitoxin
Antiserum
An antibiotic

Antiserum

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A foreign protein, which when introduced into the body, excites the body cells to produce antibodies against itself, is called:

Antigen
Antibody
Immune serum
Agglutin

Antigen

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A type of acquied immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum.

naturally acquired active
naturally acquired passive
artifically acquired active
artificially acquired passive

Artificially Acquired Passive

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Lack of resistance to a specific disease.

Virulence
Immunity
Susceptibility
Attenuation

Susceptibility

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Substances produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins introduced into the living body.

Antigens
Antibodies
Antibiotics
Vaccines

Antibodies

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Antibodies that inactivate invading bacterial cells by causing the cells to form clumps.

Antitoxins
Agglutinins
Opsonins
Precipitins

Agglutinins

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The type of immunity conferred after birth.

Innate
Acquired
Racial
Genetic

Acquired

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The type of immunity that is inherited is called:

Acquired
Active
Passive
Innate

Innate

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The type of immunity that results from the inoculation of a toxoid:

Naturally acquired active
Naturally acquired passive
Artificially acquired active
Artificially acquired passive

Artificially Acquired Active

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The causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease but will still promote the production ofo antibodies:

Antiserum
Vaccine
Antitoxin
Antibiotic

Vaccine

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A highly developed state of resistance to a specific disease:

Virulence
Pathogenicity
Immunity
Susceptibility

Immunity

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The organisms responsible for the infection epidemic meningitis exit from the host by means of:

Droplet spray
Bile
Feces
Urine

Droplet Spray

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Infection caused by members of the genus Salmonella are primarily transmitted by:

Ingestion
Droplet spray
Direct body contact
Insect transmission

Ingestion

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The portal of entry of Salmonella typhi:

Skin
Mouth
Urinary tract
Conjunctiva

Mouth

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Ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection caused by a species of bacteria which is a member of the genus:

Mycobacterium
Corymebacterium
Treponema
Nisseria

Nisseria

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Endospore formation is characteristic of the members of the genus:

Cocci
Staphylococcus
Clostridium
Neisseria

Clostridium

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Lockjaw is the common name for the disease:

Tuberculosis
Tularemia
Pertussis
Tetanus

Tetanus

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Gas gangrene and tissue gas is caused by:

Corymebacterium diptheriae
Shigella dysenteriae
Clostridium perfringens
Treponema pallidum

Clostridium Perfringens

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Local skin abscesses are infections usually caused by members of the genus:

Streptococcus
Corymebacterium
Mycobacterium
Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus

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Vibrio cholerae are bacteria responsible for the infection called:

Asiatic cholera
Infectious jaundice
Anthrax
Pertussis

Asiatic Cholera

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Which of the following organisms has a high lipid content of the cell wall?

Neisseria gonorrhea
Treponema pallidum
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Pertussis is a disease that is commonly called:

Lockjaw
Rabbit fever
Whooping cough
Mumps

Whooping Cough

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Rabbit fever is the common name for the disease: * Plague * Tularemia * Rabies * Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Tularemia

Puerperal sepsis is commonly referred to as: * Boils * Childbed fever * Whooping cough * Blood Poisoning

Childbed Fever

Which of the following organisms is an exotoxin producer? * Neisseria gonorrhea * Staphylococcus aureus * Treponema pallidum * Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium Perfringens

The causative agent of the infection called septic sore throat: * Staphylococcus aureus * Streptococcus pyogenes * Clostridium tetani * Corynebacerium diptheriae

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Which of the following diseases may be caused by the organisms responsible for infection entering the body through the unbroken skin? * Tularemia * Tetanus * Syphilis * Gonorrhea

Tularemia

Endospore formation is a characteristic of: * Hemophilus influenzae * Salmonella enteritidis * Mycobacterium tuberculosis * Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus Anthracis

Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for the infectious disease: * Meningococcemia * Ophthalmia neonatorum * Rheumatic fever * Pertussis

Rheumatic Fever

Which of the following organisms is the causative aget for a venereal disease? * Klebsiela pneumoniae * Yersinia pestis * Treponema pallidum * Leptospira interrogans

Treponema Pallidum

Weil's disease is another name for: * Asiatic cholera * Tularemia * Diptheria * Infectious jaundice

Infectious Jaundice

Silver nitrate prophylaxis was once used for the control of: * typhoid fever * bacillary dysentery * Epidemic meningitis * Ophthalmia neonatorum

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

The portal of entry of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the: * nose and mouth * digestive tract * skin * genitourinary tract

Nose and Mouth

Antibodies that cause clumping of the antigenic substances are called: * Antitoxins * Cytolysins * Agglutinins * Opsonins

Agglutinins

Which of the following organisms is capable of forming capsules when living as parasites? * Neisseria gonorrheae * Mycobacterium tuberculosis * Streptococcus pneumoniae * Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Which of the following does NOT play a part in the transmission of salmonellosis? * Food * Flies * Respiratory discharges * Water

Respiratory Discharges

Which of the following diseases are caused by a spiral-shaped organism? * Tetanus * Chancroid * Syphilis * Gonorrhea

Syphilis

Syphilis is an infection caused by: * Hemophilus ducreyi * Clostridium perfringens * Streptococcus pyogenes * Treponema pallidum

Treponema Pallidum

Septic sore throat is caued by a: * coccus * bacillus * spirochete * spirillum

Coccus

The disease known as puerperal sepsis occurs in the: * Skin * Digestive tract * Respiratory tract * Female reproductive tract

Female Reproductive Tract

Those bateria that perfer to live in the presence of free oxygen but can live in its absence are called: * Strict aerobes * Facultative aerobes * Strict anaerobes * Facultative anaerobes

Facultative Anaerobes

The temperature at which a species of bacteria grows best. * Minimum temperature * Optimum temperature * Maximum temperature * Thermal death point

Optimum Temperature

An organism that can utilize inorganic matter as food: * Autotrophic * Heterotrophic * Saprophytic * Parasitic

Autotrpohic

A bacterium that prefers dead inorganic material, but can also obtain nourishment from living organic material: * Facultative parasite * Strict parasite * Facultative saprophyte * Obligate saprophyte

Facultative Parasite

Those spore forming bacteria that currently contain spores. * Vegetative * Sporulating * Flagellates * Autotrophic

Sporulating

Those bacteria that grow best at a relatively moderate temperature. * Psychophilic bacteria * Microaerophilic bacteria * Mesophilic bacteria * Thermophilic bacteria

Mesophilic Bacteria

The lowest temperature at which growth for a species will take place: * Minimum temperature * Optimum temperature * Maximum temperature * Thermal death point

Minumum Temperature

The highest temperature at which growth for a species will take place: * Minimum temperature * Optimum temperature * Maximum temperature * Thermal death point

Maximum Temperature

A bacteria that grows and reproduces best in the presence of oxygen, but can also grow and reproduce in its absence. * facultative anaerobe * facultative aerobe * facultative saprophyte * facultative parasite

Facultative Anaerobe

pH is a method for measurement of: * colony color * colony growth * alkalinity * colony size

Alkalinity

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? * They develop within the cell * They are obligate parasites * They are the smallest of all living organisms * They are obligate saprophytes

They are Obligate Saprophytes

Bacteria usually reproduce by: * Sporulation * Trinary fission * Binary fission * Sexual reproduction

Binary Fission

Which organism is acid fast positive? * Neisseria * Corynebacterium * Mycobacterium * Salmonella

Mycobacterium

Those bacteria that grow best at relatively high temperatures are: * Psychophilic * Microaerophilic * Mesophilic * Thermophilic

Thermophilic

Those bacteria that grow best at a relatively low temperature. * Psychrophilic * Microphilic * Mesophilic * Thermophilic

Psychrophilic

Which organisms are known as the "true fungi"? * Chlamydiae * Rickettsiae * Bacteria * Yeasts

Yeasts

The study of the smallest microscopic life forms. * Protozoology * Mycology * Bacteriology * Virology

Virology

Self digestion of tissue by enzymes of their own formation. * Autolysis * Lipolysis * Hemolysis * Catalysis

Autolysis

Which structure functions to protect the organism and to enhance its virulence? * Cell wall * Capsule * Flagella * Cytoplasm

Capsule

Which structure contains the material of inheritance? * Cell wall * Cell membrane * Nucleic acid * Ribosomes

Nucleic Acid

Those bacteria that may be capable of forming spores: * Bacilli * Vibrio * Spirochetes * Cocci

Bacilli

Those bacteria that are spherical in shape. * Bacilli * Vibrio * Spirilla * Cocci

Cocci

Rod-shaped bacteria. * Spirilla * Vibrio * Cocci * Bacilli

Bacilli

The study of true fungi. * rickettsiology * bacteriology * mycology * myology

Mycology

An animal or plant of microscopic size. * Macrophage * Unicelled organism * Microorganism * Metazoa

Microorganism

Those eucaryotic, true fungi that reproduce by budding. * Viruses * Bacteria * Protozoa * Yeasts

Yeasts

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla are shapes of: * Protozoa * Molds * Yeasts * Bacteria

Bacteria

Molds are: * Multicellular * Unicellular * Spore formers * Procaryotic

Multicellular

Living orgamisms that are composed of a single cell are said to be: * Multicellular * Unicellular * Fusiform * Universal

Unicellular

Microscopic one-celled animals are called: * protozoa * rickettsia * virus * yeasts

Protozoa

A micrometer is equal to approximately: * 1/25 of an inch * 1/2500 of an inch * 1/250 of an inch * 1/25000 of an inch

1/25000 of an Inch

Which of the following are classified as a venereal disease? * Lymphogranuoma venereum * Pulmonary tuberculosis * Tularemia * Psittacosis

Lymphogranuoma Venereum

The bacteria which contain nuclear bodies. * Procaryotic * Eucaryotic * Involuted * Attenuated

Procaryotic

The most common mode of transmission for tuberculosis: * Genitourinary secretions * Soil * Water * Droplet spray

Droplet Spray

The cytoplasm of the typical eucaryotic cell is separated from the nucleus by the: * Cytoplasmic membrane * Nuclear membrane * Cell Wall * Endospore

Nuclear Membrane

The material of inheritance is contained within the: * Metachromatic ganules * Vacuoles * Nuclear body * Polar body

Nuclear Body

The basic unit from which all living organisms are made. * Vacuole * Nuclear membrane * Metachromatic granules * Cell

Cell

An association of two organisms that is detrimental to one. * Symbiosis * Metabiosis * Antibiosis * Commensalism

Antibiosis

An enzyme that is produced in a bacterial cell but retained inside the cell. * An endoenzyme * An ectoenzyme * An exoenzyme * A heteroenzyme

Endoenzyme

A visible mass of bacterial growth resulting from the reproduction of a single cell. * Bacterial population * Mixed culture * Colony * Sarcinae

Colony

Spherical shaped bacteria that form grape-like clusters. * Bacilli * Cocci * Staphylococci * Streptococci

Staphylococci

Spore formation is characteristic of only a few species of: * cocci * bacilli * Spirilla * Vibrio

Bacilli

Spores are most likely to form when: * The bacteria has plentiful food supply * The bacteria is ready to produce * The conditions for reproduction are not favorable * The cell involved is a spirilla

The Conditions for Reproduction are not Favorable

The presence of a capsule may affect a bacterium by: * Decreasing virulence * Increasing virulence * Producing motility * Killing the organism

Increasing Virulence

The bacterial spore is called an endospore because: * It is formed outside the cell * It is formed inside the nucleus * It is formed outside the nucleus * It is formed within the cell

It is Formed Within the Cell

Which of the following is caused by Chlamydia? * Psittacosis * Tuberculosis * Scarlet fever * Herpes Simplex Type II

Psittacosis

The size of bacteria is measured in a special unit called: * An inch * A micrometer * A millimeter * A centimeter

Micrometer

The smallest unit in which a living organism can survive independently. * Nucleus * Colony * Vacuole * Cell

Cell

Spore forming bacteria under unfavorable conditions. * Lophotrichous * Sporulating * Attenuated * Vegetative

Sporulating

Spore formation is characterized as: * A protective device * A reproductive device * A locomotive structure * Found in all bacteria

A Protective Device

Spore formation occurs in response to: * An internal stimulus * She shape of the organism * Unsuitable living conditions * Reproduction

Unsuitable Living Conditions

The respiratory tract is the primary portal of entry for all of the following virus diseases except: * Influenza * Mumps * Smallpox * Rabies

Rabies

Monilia is used synonymously with: * Candida * Histoplasma * Actinomyces * Bastomyces

Candida

A viral disease primarily of man. * mumps * psittacosis * rabies * rocky mountain spotted fever

Mumps

What is the most common mode of transmission for gonorrhea? * Droplet spray * Sexual conduct * Contaminated milk * Houseflies

Sexual Conduct

Which is NOT a viral disease? * Epidemic parotitis * Rubella * Poliomyelitis * Typhus fever

Typhus Fever

Which is NOT a viral disease? * Smallpox * Chickenpox * Syphilis * Herpes

Syphilis

Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by a: * Bacteria * Spirochete * Chlamydia * Virus

Chlamydia

Least likely to be a viral disease is: * Bubonic plague * Mumps * Rabies * Smallpox

Bubonic Plague

Antibiotics have thus far been ineffective against most varieties or types of: * Bacteria * Fungi * Spirochetes * Viruses

Viruses

The causative agent of typhus fever. * Virus * Bacterium * Rickettisa * Fungus

Rickettisa

Which of the following viruses is most likely transmitted from person to person by unsanitary injection procedures? * Measles * Herpes simplex * Poliomyelitis * Serum hepatitis

Serum Hepatitis

Mycology is the study of: * Bacilli * Viruses * Fungi * Protozoa

Fungi

Ringworm arises from: * Protozoan infection * A bacterial infection * An allergic reaction * A fungal infection

A Fungal Infection

Which of the following require living cells for growth? * Fungi * Viruses * Bacteria * Protozoa

Viruses

Malaria is caused by: * Molds * Viruses * Helminths * Protozoa

Protozoa

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by: * Coxiella burnetii * Rickettsia conorii * Rickettsia rickettsii * Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Serum hepatitis has been attributed to: * A cat scratch * Exposure to blood * A dog bite * Contaminated surfaces

Exposure to Blood

A virus which causes fever blisters or cold sores. * Rubella virus * Varicella virus * Herpes zoster virus * Herpes Simplex virus

Herpes Simplex Virus

Hemplysins and leucocidins are classfied as: * Vaccines * Immune serums * Antibodies * Bacterial toxins

Bacterial Toxins

Which of the following is caused by rickettsia? * Mumps * Rabies * Poliomyelitis * Q fever

Q Fever

Which of the following is the least effective in the destruction of microbes? * Cold temperatures * Steam under pressure * Dry heat * Ultraviolet light radiation

Cold Temperatures

Protozoa may be classified as: * Multicellular * Unicellular * Acellular * Procaryotic

Unicellular

Epidemic typhus fevers are transmitted by: * flies * mosquitos * ticks * lice

Lice

Parrot fever is: * Transmitted by insects * A water-borne disease * A placental disease * Transmitted by air

Transmitted by Air

Malaria and amoeabiasis are caused by: * Protozoa * Bacteria * Yeast * Virus

Protozoa

A virus is a: * Strict parasite * Strict saprophyte * Facultative parasite * Toxin

Strict Parasite

The common cold is transmitted by: * Insect bite * Droplet spray * Water * Food

Droplet Spray

Rabies are also called: * Parotitis * Hydrophobia * Coryza * Rhinitis

Hydrophobia

Rickettsia grow only as: * Autotrophs * Saprophytes * Parasites * Thermophiles

Parasites

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by: * Ticks * Rickettsia * Virus * Fungi

Rickettsia

Q fever is caused by: * Mites * Rickettsia * Frambesia * Viruses

Rickettsia

Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are caused by: * Bacteria * Fungi * Rickettsia * Chlamydia

Fungi

Viruses have been found to be capable of infesting: * Man * Animals * Insects * All of these

All of These

Which of the following is caused by a member of the genus Staphylococcus? * Typhus fever * Bubonic plague * Food poisoning * Leprosy

Food Poisoning

Ringworm is caused by a: * Bacteria * Fungus * Protozoa * Rickettisa

Fungus

Which organism causes the disease known as thrush? * Coccidiodes * Candida * Histoplasma * Plasmodium

Candida

Which disease is NOT dermatrophic? * Shingles * Fever blisters * Mumps * Rubella

Mumps

Which virus attacks the respiratory tract? * Dermatrophic * Neurotrophic * Pneumotrophic * Adenotrophic

Pneumotrophic

Vaccination with cowpox virus will produce an immunity to: * Rubeola * Varicella * Variola * Rabies

Variola

Which protozoan parasite does NOT have a method for locomotion? * Sporozoa * Flagellates * Ameoba * Ciliate

Sporozoa

The destruction of all microorganisms and their products. * Disinfection * Barteriostasis * Sterilization * Antisepsis

Sterilization

The inhibition of bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms is the result of: * Disinfectant * Sterilant * Antiseptic * Bactericide

Antiseptic

The destruction of all pathogens and their products. * Bacteriostasis * Sterilization * Disinfection * Antisepsis

Disinfection

An agent which destroys yeasts and molds. * Fungicide * Bactericide * Viricide * Germicide

Fungicide

An agent which liberates gases or fumes for the purpose of destruction of insects and microorganisms. * Sterilant * Disinfectant * Fumigant * Antiseptic

Fumigant

Which of the following is most efficient in destruction of microorganisms? * Cold temperatures * Dry heat * Boiling * Steam under pressure

Steam Under Pressure

Which of these is primarily bacteriostatic in its action? * Dry heat * Steam under pressure * Free-flowing steam * Cold

Cold

The most diagnosed viral infection. * Smallpox * Chickenpox * The Common Cold * Measles

The Common Cold

The most widely applicable and effective sterilizing agent. * Fumigation * Filtration * Heat * Chemical

Heat

The usual portal for peumotropic viral diseases. * Respiratory tract * Genitourinary tract * Skin * Digestive tract

Respiratory Tract

Free-flowing steam is about equal to: * Dry heat * Filtration * Boiling * Steam under pressure

Boiling

The autoclave usually generates temperature of about: * 100 degrees C * 121 degrees F * 200 degrees C * 121 degrees C

121 Degrees C

The ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight: * Are essential for bacterial growth * Are bactericidal * Are ony bacteriostatic * Have no effect on bacteria

Are Bactericidal

German measles are more correctly known as: * Rubeola * Rubella * Herpes simplex type 1 * Epidemic parotitis

Rubella

What type of virus would have an affinity for the liver? * Dermatropic * Neurotropic * Viscerotropic * Pneumotropic

Viscerotropic

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the action of a chemical disinfectant? * Concentration of the disinfectant * Nature of matrial being disinfected * Time of day * Number of microorganisms present

Time of Day

Which of the following is used as a standard to measure the efficiency of chemical disinfectants? * Bichloride of mercury * Formalin * Phenol * Alcohol

Phenol

Which of the following is a quaternary ammonium compound? * Mercuric chloride * Zephiran chloride * Tincture of iodine * Carbolic acid

Zephiran Chloride

Which part of the body is affected by encephalitis? * Kidney * Brain * Liver * Spleen

Brain

The same virus that causes chickenpox wil also cause a second infection in some individuals. This second infection is known as: * Shingles * Infuenza * Herpes * Variola

Shingles

What type of viral diseases would cause lesions of the skin? * Adenotropic * Viscerotropic * Neurotropic * Dermatropic

Dermatropic

Which of the following is NOT a phenolic compound? * Phenol * Carbolic acid * Glutaraldehyde * Hexachlorophene

Glutaraldehyde

A term that may be used to describe the presence of true pathogens on inanimate objects. * Infection * Infestation * Contamination * Virulence

Contamination

Microorganisms that produce disease only under favorable conditions. * Saprophytes * Obligate aerobes * True pathogens * Opportunists

Opportunists

What term refers to the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites? * Contamination * Infestation * Infection * Virulence

Infestation

What term is defined as the degree of the ability of a microorgansim to cause disease? * Infection * Pathogenicity * Virulence * Infestation

Virulence

What term is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorgansism with subsequent multiplication and disease production? * Infection * Contamination * Infestation * Infiltration

Infection

Attenuation affects a pathogen by: * Killing it * Increasing virulence * Increasing growth rate * Decreasing virulence

Decreasing Virulence

What term refers to the preference of a pathogen for a particular part of the body? * Infection * Attenuation * Elective localization * Virulence

Elective Localization

An infection which is caused by organisms already present in the body is best described as: * Sporadic * Exogenous * Endemic * Endogenous

Endogenous

An infection which has a relatively short and severe course. * Acute * Chronic * Local * Endemic

Acute

An infection which remains confined to a particular part of the body. * Endemic * Endogenous * Focal * Local

Local

What infection is one in which microorganisms or their products are spread by the blood or lymph throughout the entire body? * Local * Sporadic * Terminal * General

General

What infection is one which have a relatively slow onset and long duration? * Mixed * Focal * Chronic * Acute

Chronic

What infection spreads from one are of infection to set up other areas of infection in the body? * Local * Acute * Epidemic * Focal

Focal

What infection is one in which the causative agents enter the body from the outside by entering through one of the portals of entry? * Focal * Endogenous * Extraneous * Exogenous

Exogenous

What infection is one which occurs in an individual who already has an infection of another type? * Exogenous * General * Secondary * Sporadic

Secondary

What infection is one caused by two or more different organisms at about the same time? * Local * Focal * Mixed * Terminal

Mixed

What is a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood but not multiplying there? * Septicemia * Toxemia * Sapremia * Bacteremia

Bacteremia

What infection occurs in an indivdual who has no other active infection? * Local * Primary * General * Secondary

Primary

What is an infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood? * Anemia * Toxemia * Septicemia * Bacteremia

Septicemia

What infection occurs as a late complication of another disease and is itself the actual cause of death? * Primary * Endogenous * Terminal * Sporadic

Terminal

A communicable disease which is normally present to a greater or lesser degree within a community. * Sporadic * Endemic * Epidemic * Pandemic

Endemic

A communicable disease that attacks a large number of persons in a community at about the same time. * Endemic * Sporadic * Epidemic * Pandemic

Epidemic

A communicable disease that occurs in a community only as an occasional case. * Pandemic * Endemic * Epiemic * Sporadic

Sporadic

A communicable disease that has spread to more than one country. * Pandemic * Endemic * Epidemic * Sproadic

Pandemic

\_\_\_\_\_\_ are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released into the surrounding medium by the living cells. * Endospores * Endotoxins * Nucleic acids * Exotoxins

Exotoxins

Which of the following substances produced by bacteria will destory white blood cells? * Hemolysins * Fibrinolysins * Coagulates * Leucoidins

Leucoidins

Which of the following substances produced by bacterial cells will destroy red blood cells? * Hemolysins * Fibrinolysins * Coagulates * Leucoidins

Hemolysins

What are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released only when the bacterial cells die and disintegrate? * Capsules * Endospores * Exotoxins * Endotoxins

Endotoxins

Which of the following is true of a carrier? * May have never had the disease that is being carried. * May have had the disease and recovered * Exhibits no symptoms of the disease * All of these

All of These

What carrier harbors and disseminates the causative agents of a disease for along time following recovery from the disease? * Active * Passive * Contact * Convalescent

Active

Which of the following is a mode of direct disease transmission? * Contaminated fomites * Biological vectors * Droplet spray * Mechanical vectors

Droplet Spray

What is the proper term for smallpox? * Varicella * Variola * Herpes simplex 1 * Rubella

Variola

Which of these transmit disease by biting the host? * Mechanical fomites * Mechanical vectors * Biological fomites * Biological vectors

Biological Vectors

Which of the following would most likely transmit typhoid fever as a mechanical vector? * Tick * Housefly * Louse * Mosquito

Housefly

Congenital disease transmission occurs through: * Broken skin * Placenta * Respiratory tract * Digestive system

Placenta

Which of the following are mechanical body defenses? * Intact skin * Mucous membranes * Cilia * All of the above

All of the Above

Inflammation is primarily a: * Mechanical body defense * Chemical body defense * Physiological body defense * External body defense

Physiological Body Defense

What substances are produced by the body in response to the entry of a foreign substance into the body. * Antigens * Lysozymes * Antibodies * Endotoxins

Antibodies

Bacteria are considered: * Procaryotic * Eucaryotic * Inorganic * Fungicidal

Procaryotic

Bacteria which prefer inorganic material as their source of nutrition. * Autotrophic * Parasitic * Saprophytic * Heterotropic

Autotropic

A toxin which remains inside a bacteria until the bacteria disintegrates. * Endotoxin * Exotoxin * Antitoxins * Atoxin

Endotoxin

A bacterium which has a high degree of pathogenicity is said to be very: * Virulent * Attenuated * Susceptible * Viscous

Virulent

A bacterium which has had its virulence reduced. * Attenuated * Organic * Hypertonic * Hypotonic

Attenuated

Hydrophobia is a condition often associated with: * Rabies * Actue coryza * Poliomyelitis * German measles

Rabies

The presence of bacteria in the blood with no noticeable growth or reproduction. * Bacteremia * Aseptic * Antiseptic * Bacteriocidal

Bacteremia

A person who harbors a pathogenic microbe but does not exhibit any symptoms of the disease which it is known to cause. * A carrier * A port of entry * A cause of disease * A vector of the disease

Carrier

Tuberculosis is an example of a: * Bacterial disease * Viral disease * Rickettsial disease * Fungal disease

Bacterial Disease

In the name Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the first name is the: * Species * Order * Class * Genus

Genus

The prefix "staphylo" refers to an organism's tendency to: * Occur in grape-like clusters * Have a spherical shape * Form pus * Remain localized in infections

Occur in Grape-Like Clusters

Which of the following structures interfere most with phagocytosis? * Flagella * Granules * Capsules * Vacuoles

Capsules

Many bacteria possess a thick colorless gelatinous outer covering called a: * Capsule * Spore * Nucleus * Inclusion body

Capsule

What is the classification for the disease poliomyelitis? * Adermotropic * Dermatropic * Viscerotropic * Neurotropic

Neurotropic

Which of the following organisms requires living cells for growth and reproduction? * Viruses * Fungi * Spirilla * Protozoa

Viruses

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the occurrence of an infection? * The gram stain reaction of the microbe * The number of microbes present * The portal of entry of the microbe * The resistance of the host

The Gram Stain Reaction of the Microbe

The type of lesion most closely associated with tuberculosis. * A pseudo membrane * An abscess * A tubercle * A boil

A Tubercle

A highly communicable disease which is usually spread directly from person to person is considered: * Exogenous * Endogenous * Contagious * A general infection

Contagious

Racial immunity is an example of: * Innate immunity * Artificially acquired active immunity * Naturally acquired passive immunity * Artificially acquired passive immunity

Innate Immunity

What type of substance is secreted by a living cell that can bring about chemical changes in another substance without undergoing any substantive change themselves? * Endotoxins * Exotoxins * Enzymes * Antibodies

Enzymes

The invasion, multiplication and spreading of microorganisms causing harm to the host. * Antiseptic * Disinfection * Contamination * Infection

Infection

What type of pathogen cause disease under most conditions? * True pathogens * False pathogens * Opportunistic pathogens * Indigenous flora

True Pathogens

For disinfection, alcohol is most effective in a: * Seventy percent solution * One hundred percent solution * Twenty percent solution * Ten percent solution

Seventy Percent Solution

Which of these is an example of a physiological defense mechanism of the body against infection? * Gastric juices * Boney encasement * Inflammation * Intact mucous membranes

Inflammation

The process of passing a liquid through a material with pores so small that bacteria cannot pass through is: * Sterilization * Sedimentation * Filtration * Disinfection

Filtration

Which of these chemical agents is a member of the quaternary ammonium compound family? * Mercuric chloride * Calcium hydroxide * Benzalkonium chloride * Sodium hypochlorite

Benzalkonium Chloride

Which of the following viruses is most likely transmitted from host to host by unsanitary injection procedures? * Herpes simplex 1 * Measles * Poliomyelitis * Serum hepatitis

Serum Hepatitis

Oral and vaginal thrush are caused by: * Aspergillis negri * Treponema pallidum * Candida albicans * Sterptococcus aureus

Candida Albicans

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by: * Rickettsia * Ticks * A virus * Fungi

Rickettsia

Q fever is caused by: * A virus * Bacteria * Rickettsia * Chlamydia

Rickettsia

The spread of microorganisms from host to host by food, milk and water is what mode of transmission? * Direct contact * Indirect contact * Insect vector-mechanical transmission * Insect vector-biological transmission

Indirect Contact

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another is: * Contamination * Infestation * Attenuated * Non-communicable

Non-Communicable

Those microorganisms that do not normally invade the body of the host to produce disease. * Normal flora * True pathogens * Infectious microorganisms * Toxigenic microorganisms

Normal Flora

Which of these is least effective in achieving a sterile environment? * Boiling * Free-flowing steam * Steam under pressure * Dry Heat

Boiling

Which mechanical method of sanitation is likely to be used in the practice of mortuary hygiene? * Scrubbing * Sedimentation * Heat * Filtration

Scrubbing

Which of the following is capable of producing an enterotoxin that will cause food poisoning? * Staphylococcus * Streptococcus * Treponema * Mycobacterium

Staphylococcus

The common cold can be transmitted by: * An insect bite * Droplet spray * Congenital transmission * Contaminated food

Droplet Spray

The structures that produce motility for bacterial cells are the: * Spores * Capsules * Flagella * Pili

Flagella

Which of these is NOT typical of a bacterial spore? * They are the most resistant form of life known * They are formed inside the microbial cell * They are susceptible to small amounts of heat or light. * They are formed by bacilli microorganisms

They are Susceptible to Small Amounts of Heat or Light

Which of these chemical agents is described as a coal-tar derivative? * Formaldehyde * Ammonia * Mercuric chloride * Phenol

Phenol

Which of these is an example of a pathogenic protozoa? * Entamoeba histolytica * Staphylococcus aureus * Treponema pallidum * Vibrio cholerae

Entamoeba histolytica

Which of these statements is descriptive of spirochetes? * They are spiral-shaped microbes which move with a twisting axis. * They are spiral-shaped microbes which move with a fixed axis * They are rod-shaped microbes which have no motility * They are spherical-shaped microbes which have pseudopods for motility.

They are Spiral-Shaped Microbes Which Move With a Twisting Axis

A gelatinous envelope that surrounds a bacilli. * Spore * Capsule * Flagella * Cell membrane

Capsule

Where are spores formed? * Outside the cell wall * Between the cell wall and the cell membrane * Within the cell cytoplasm * Within the cell nucleoplasm

Within the Cell Cytoplasm

A thin whip-like organelle of bacterial motility. * Spore * Cilia * Flagellum * Capsule

Flagellum

Diplococci appear: * In long chain-like formations * In pairs * In groups of eight * In a cluster

In Pairs

The optimum pH for most pathogenic bacteria. * 7.0 * 6.6 * 8.0 * 7.4

7.4

A bacterium that produces infection only when specific conditions arise. * A parasitic pathogen * An opportunistic pathogen * A host bacteria * A true pathogen

An Opportunistic Pathogen

The degree of the ability of a microbe to produce disease is measured as: * Attenuation * Toxicity * Virulence * Infectiousness

Virulence

A poisonous substance produced by a microorganism is: * A toxin * An activator * An antibody * A toxoid

Toxin

Normal flora bacteria will cause which of the following types of infection? * Exogenous * Acute * Chronic * Endogeneous

Endogeneous

The process of ingestion of bacteria by leukocytes is: * Diapedesis * Phagocytosis * Antibiosis * Symbiosis

Phagocytosis

The humoral theory of immunity involves: * Macrophages * Mast cells * Antibodies * Thrombocytes

Antibodies

The word "streptococcus" describes: * Spherical cells arranged in chains * Spherical cells arranged in clusters * Rod-shaped cells arranged in chains * Rod-shaped cells arranged in clusters

Spherical Cells Arranged in Chains

Which of the following is NOT an effective disinfectant? * Quaternary ammonium compounds * Iodophores * Soap * Formaldehyde

Soap

What body cell is known to perform the process of phagocytosis? * An antibody * A leukocyte * An erythrocyte * A thrombocyte

Leukocyte

Staphlycoccus aureus causes: * A nosocomial infection * Diphtheria * Anthrax * Syphilis

A Nosocomial Infection

Yersinia pestis causes: * Hydrocele * Hydrophobia * Plague * Gonorrhea

Plague

Chlamydia psittaci causes: * Yellow fever * Scarlet fever * Rabbit fever * Parrot fever

Parrot Fever

With what disease is Varicella Zoster identified? * Measles * Mumps * Shingles * Fever blisters

Shingles

With what disease is rubella identified? * Fever blisters * Chancres * Mumps * German measles

German Measles

What disease is identified with the condition called hydrophobia? * Chickenpox * Mumps * Mononucleosis * Rabies

Rabies

Clostridium perfringens causes: * Chickenpox * Plague * Leprosy * Tissue Gas

Tissue Gas

What disease is caused by Francisella tularensis? * Rabbit fever * Scarlet fever * Puerperal fever * Parrot fever

Rabbit Fever

What disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis? * Rabbit fever * Cholera * Anthrax * Bubonic plague

Anthrax

Which of the following is most likely to enter the body through the genitourinary tract? * Pneumonic plague * Bubonic plague * Syphilis * Tularemia

Syphilis

Which of the following is classified as pneumotropic? * Influenza * Chickenpox * Shingles * Rabies

Influenza

Which of the following is classified as viscerotropic? * Measles * Smallpox * Hepatitis * Chickenpox

Hepatitis

Which of these is a chemical agent capable of killing viral organisms? * Disinfectant * Fungicide * Viricide * Insecticide

Viricide

Which of these chemical agents is capable of killing molds? * Fumigant * Disinfectant * Insecticide * Fungicide

Fungicide

What type of immunity is based solely on the genus and species of the host? * Active immunity * Passive immunity * Natural immunity * Artificial immunity

Natural Immunity

What control process is used to destroy something of no value? * Direct sunlight * Incineration * Boiling * Freezing

Incineration

What condition is most desired by mesophilic bacteria? * Hot temperatures * Moderate temperatures * Cold temperatures * Direct sunlight

Moderate Temperatures

What agent destroys yeasts and molds? * Bacteriocide * Fungicide * Viricide * Sporicide

Fungicide

An agent that liberates gases for the purpose of destroying macroscopic life: * Fungicide * Fumigant * Germicide * Disinfectant

Fumigant

What type of bacteria grows best between temperatures of 30 degrees celsius and 40 degrees celsius? * Psychrophilic * Cryophilic * Mesophilic * Thermophilic

Mesophilic

Bacteria that require organic chemical compounds for nourishment: * Autotrophic * Heterotrophic * Phototrophic * Mesophilic

Heterotrophic

The structure providing a bacterial cell with rigidity and outlining the shape of the cell. * Cell membrane * Cell wall * Cytoplasm * Nuclear membrane

Cell Wall

Which of these statements best describes a pathogen? * An organism capable of producing disease in a susceptible host * An organism which utilizes inorganic compounds for nutrition * An organism which carries Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever * An organism which is used as an inoculant.

An Organism Capable of Producing Disease in a Susceptible Host

An infection that occurs after another infection is already present. * An acute infection * A chronic infection * A secondary infection * A primary infection

A Secondary Infection

Which of these infections occurs with rapid onset and short duration? * Primary infection * Mixed infection * Chronic infection * Acute infection

Acute Infection

The first infection that a person has at any given time. * A specific infection * A chronic infection * A primary infection * A mixed infection

Primary Infection

An infection that is caused by two or more different organisms: * Mixed infection * Secondary infection * Chronic infection * Local infection

Mixed Infection

Which of the following is an example of a fomite? * Housefly * Mosquito * Droplet spray * Coffee cup

Coffee Cup

Which of these is an enzyme that dissolves fibrin? * Hemolysin * Leucocidin * Coagulase * Fibrinolysin

Fibrinolysin

Which of the following enzymes is often referred to as "the spreading factor"? * Hemolysin * Hyaluronidase * Ptyalin * Coagulase

Hyaluronidase

Which of these enzymes destroys red blood cells? * Leucocidin * Fibrinolysin * Coagulase * Hemolysin

Hemolysin

Which of the following enzymes causes blood plasma to clot? * Fibrinolysin * Coagulase * Leucocidin * Hemolysin

Coagulase

An organism upon which a pathogen lives. * Vector * Fomite * Host * Parasite

Host

Which of these is a characteristic of rickettsial organisms? * They are spiral-shaped * They are non-pathogenic * They are arthropod-borne * They are smaller than viruses

They are Arthropod Borne

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of viruses? * They are non-pathogenic * They are visible under a light microscope * They reproduce by binary fission * They are intracellular parasites

They are Intracellular Parasites

What disease is also known as epidemic parotitis? * Measles * Hepatitis * Cold sore * Mumps

Mumps

Which of the following diseases is caused by contact with contaminated blood serum? * Hepatitis type A * Hepatitis type B * Mumps * Smallpox

Hepatitis Type B

Which of these describes the virulence of a pathogen? * The degree of pathogenicity * The toxigenicity of a pathogen * The formation of antibodies against a pathogen * The ability of a microbe to cause disease

The Degree of Pathogenicity

Dermatomycosis is caused by: * Rickettsia * Entameoba histolytica * Epidermophyton * Chlamydia psittaci

Epidermophyton

Which of these is a causative agent of dysentery? * Rickettsia rickettsii * Chlamydia trachoma * Entamoeba histolytica * Bacillus anthracis

Entamoeba histolytica

What disease is caused by the Varicella virus? * Smallpox * Chickenpox * Measles * Herpes

Chickenpox

Which of the following is NOT applicable to viruses? * They are autotrophic organisms * They are sub-microscopic organisms * They are intracellular parasites * They contain either DNA or RNA but not both.

They are Autotrophic Organisms

Which of these describes the movement of bacteria through a medium? * Attenuation * Virulence * Pathogenicity * Motility

Motility

The relationship between two organisms in which neither can survive independent of the other. * Symbiotic * Antagonistic * Commensalistic * Ammensalistic

Symbiotic

A relationship between two organisms in which one is detrimental to the other. * Mutualistic * Commensalistic * Antagonistic * Synergistic

Antagonistic

Which of these microbes is known to produce an endotoxin? * Salmonella typhi * Mycobacterium tuberculosis * Streptococcus pneumoniae * Neisseria meningitidis

Salmonella typhi

The study of all microscopic life forms. * Botany * Anatomy * Microbiology * Cytology

Microbiology

Which of these microbes is described as being "comma" shaped? * Vibrio cholera * Bacillus anthracis * Treponema pallidum * Neisseria meningitidis

Vibrio Cholera

Which of these is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite? * Typhus fever * Typhoid fever * Ameobic dysentery * Syphilis

Ameobic Dysentery

Those organisms that reproduce by budding. * Bacteria * Viruses * Fungi * Protozoa

Fungi

Molds are: * Acellular * Unicellular * Multicellular * Motile

Multicellular

Rod-shaped bacteria that form chain-like arrangements. * Streptobacilli * Staphylococci * Staphlyobacilli * tetrads

Streptobacilli

Which of the following substances is most specific to antimicrobial action? * Antibiotics * Antigens * Antibodies * Antiseptics

Antibodies

A mutually advantageous symbiotic relationship between two organisms. * Commensalism * Antagonism * Mutualism * Parasitism

Mutualism

What type of condition is produced by the application of an antiseptic? * Aseptic * Bacteriostatic * Bacteriocidal * Sterile

Bacteriostatic

Which of these terms is synonymous with bacteriostatic? * Germicidial * Disinfected * Antiseptic * Bactericidal

Antiseptic

Ultraviolet rays of sunlight * Are bactericidal * Are bacteriostatic * Are essential for bacterial reproduction * Are essential for bacterial metabolism

Bactericidal

Congenital disease transmission occurs through: * The placenta * Broken skin * The conjunctiva * The respiratory tract

The Placenta

Why are ultraviolet light rays lethal to bacteria? * They cause the ionization of the hydroxyl agents * They damage the DNA and RNA of the microbe * They cause the deamination of the protein * They cause the decarboxylation of the amino acids.

They Damage the DNA and RNA of the Microbe

Another name for the disease "lockjaw" is: * Tularemia * Syphilis * Psittacosis * Tetanus

Tetanus

Acne, boils, and pus formation on the skin is most commonly caused by: * Streptococcus pyogenes * Streptococcus pneumoniae * Staphylococcus aureus * Treponema pallidum

Staphylococcus aureus

What is the implication of sterilization? * The render an object free of all living organisms * The render an object free of all living pathogens * To prevent the reproduction of all living organisms on an object * To render an object free of all vegetative forms of living organisms

To Render an Object Free of All Living Organisms

An inflammation of the middle ear caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. * Otitis media * Ophthalmia neonatorum * Conjunctivitis * Meningococcemia

Otitis Media

The entrance into a host by means of a deep puncture wound may cause: * Pneumonia * Tetanus * Gonorrhea * Septic sore throat

Tetanus

A synonymous term for rabbit fever is: * Tularemia * Rheumatic fever * Tetanus * Lockjaw

Tularemia

Which of the following is caused by a spirochete? * Tetanus * Syphilis * Gas gangrene * Tissue gas

Syphilis

What organism causes the condition of lobar penumonia? * Neisseria gonorrheae * Treponema pallidum * Streptococcus aureus * Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae