Chp 18- Endocrine System Flashcards by Noor Hussein

adrenal cortex

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

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adrenal medulla

inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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ovaries

located in lower abdomen of female, egg production and estrogen/progesterone secretion

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pancreas

located behind the stomach

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parathyroid gland

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

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pituitary gland (hypophysis)

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica

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testes

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

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thyroid gland

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

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adrenaline/ epinephrine

secreted by medulla; increases HR and BP

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex

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aldosterone

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt absorption

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androgen

male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex

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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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calcitonin

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

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cortisol

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar

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estradiol

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

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estrogen

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates hormone
secretion and egg production by ovaries
and sperm production by testes

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glucagons

Secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas;
increases blood sugar

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growth
hormone (GH);
somatotropin

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates growth of
bones and soft tissues

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insulin

Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas;
helps glucose pass into cells and promotes
conversion of glucose to glycogen

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luteinizing
hormone (LH)

Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary
gland; stimulates ovulation in females and
testosterone secretion in males

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norepinephrine

Secreted by the adrenal medulla;
increases heart rate and blood pressure

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oxytocin (OT)

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of
uterus during labor and childbirth

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parathormone (PTH)

Secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

progesterone

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

prolactin (PRL)

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

somatotropin (STH)

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

testosterone

male hormone secreted by testes

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); Thyrotropin

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

somatotropin (STH)

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes thyroid function

thyroxine (T4)

secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metabolism

Triiodothyronine (T3)

secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metablisom

vasopressin

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; ADH; raises water reabsorption and raises BP

catecholamines

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

corticosteroids

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

electrolyte

mineral salt found in blood and tissues

glucocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

hormone

substance secreted by an endocrine gland to influence structure or function of an organ or gland

hypothalamus

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

mineralocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

receptor

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

sella turcica

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

sex hormones

steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

steroid

complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

sympathomimetic

pretaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

target tissue

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal glands

gonad/o

sex glands (ovaris, testes)

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathryoid/o

parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland; hypophysis

thyr/o

thyriod gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

calc/o, calici/o

calcium

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

kal/l

potassium (an electrolyte)

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

position

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood collection

-in, ine

a substance

-tropin

stimulating the function of

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good, normal

hyper-

excessive, above

hypo-

deficient, below

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

poly-

much or increased

tetra-

four

tri

three

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid

hyperparathyroidism

loss of bone density, kidney stones, hypercalcemia

hypoparathyroidism

muscle and nerve weakness, tetany, hypocalcemia

addison disease

deficient mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, hyponatremia, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure

Chp 18- Endocrine System Flashcards

(91 cards)