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Microbiology > CNS Infections III > Flashcards

CNS Infections III Flashcards

1
Q

associated with alphavirus

A

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus

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2
Q

associated with flavivirus

A

St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
West Nile Virus
Japanese Encephalitis Virus

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3
Q

associated with bunyaviridae

A

California Encephalitis Virus

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4
Q

associated with reoviridae

A

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

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5
Q

what is abnormal on MRI of West Nile and Eastern Equine Virus

A

thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem

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6
Q

what is abnormal on MRI of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

A

substantia nigra (or could be normal)

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7
Q

vector, reservoir, and dead end host of west nile virus

A

vector - mosquito
reservoir - bird
dead end host - horses and humans

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8
Q

vector, reservoir, and dead end host of eastern equine encephalitis virus

A

vector - mosquito
reservoir - bird
dead end host - human

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9
Q

what has a bridge vector and what is the bridge vector

A

eastern equine encephalitis virus

mosquito is the bridge vector

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10
Q

west nile virus is most common where

A

US

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11
Q

what is atypical in CSF in comparison to other viruses in eastern equine encephalitis virus

A

in CSF of EEEV, the inflammatory cells are 2/3 neutrophils as opposed to lymphocytes in other viruses

it does have normal glucose, increased proteins, and RBCs though

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12
Q

complications and symptoms of Colorado Tick Fever virus

A

complication - encephalitis or meningitis

symptoms present like meningitis - photophobia, nuchal rigidity, mild altered mental state

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13
Q

which one of the encephalitis uses ELISA with the IgM antibodies as their

A

west nile virus, eastern equine, california encephalitis, japanese encephalitis, and colorado tick fever

CC JEW

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14
Q

which one of the virus presents with poliomyelitis like (acute flaccid paralysis)

A

west nile virus

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15
Q

which one of the viruses presents with acute anterior poliomyelitis

A

non polio enterovirus

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16
Q

viruses seen in non polio enterovirus

A

enterovirus 71, enterovirus D68, enterovirus 18, coxsackieviruses

17
Q

what population does one see non polio enterovirus more commonly

A

neonates and it is sepsis like with 10% mortality rate

18
Q

common in western US and Canada (mountains)

A

colorado tick fever virus

19
Q

common in Lacrosse, Jamestown Canyon, and Tahyna virus

A

california encephalitis

20
Q

presents with febrile prodome –> encephalitis

A

western equine encephalitis

21
Q

0-2 weeks incubation but could start presenting at 3 days

A

colorado tick fever virus

22
Q

has neurologic symptoms hemiparesis, aphasia, chorea, dysarthria

A

california and japanese encephalitis

23
Q

virus associated with rabies

A

rhabdovirus

24
Q

how does one get rabies

A

from an animal bite - dog, bat, skunks, raccoons (common in US), foxes

25
Q

how do you diagnose rabies

A

– skin biopsy - Immunohistochemical staining - Rabies Ag
– Negri bodies: Intracytoplamsic inclusions in neurons
– Corneal smears – Rabies Ag
– Rabies virus neutralizing Ab – CSF or serum (unimmunized) Direct Ab Test

26
Q

how do you treat rabies for non immunized people

A
  • wash the wound with soap and water + providone iodine
  • give 1 dose of HRIG at site of wound
  • then 4 doses of vaccine in different location maybe on opposite limb (Day 0, 3, 7, 14)
27
Q

how do you treat rabies for immunized people

A
  • wash the wound with soap and water + providone iodine

- give two boosters of vaccine on Day 0 and 3

28
Q

What does one get from infection with measles

A

SSPE: sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis

  • it mutates and stays dormant then presents a month to years later
  • so it is a slow progression of symptoms
29
Q

how long can it takes to see symptoms of measles

A

could take 5-15 years post initial infection

but the post initial infection can range from 1 month - 27 years

30
Q

what is transmission and spread of polio virus

A

fecal oral route

pharyngeal spread

31
Q

what decreases the incidence of measles

A

immunization

32
Q

what part of the brain does polio affect

A

anterior horn cells (grey matter)

33
Q

how many strains and vaccines of polio are available

A

strain (3) - 1, 2, 3

and 4 vaccines available

34
Q

what are the vaccines for polio

A

live oral polio vaccine (OPV) sabin - Monovalent (mOPV1 & mOPV3), Bivalent (bOPV)

inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) - salk

35
Q

where has polio not been eradicated

A

Afghanistan, Pakistan, & Nigeria

Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan & Cameroon

36
Q

risk factors for shunt infections

A 
– Premature birth
– Previous shunt infection
– Cause of hydrocephalus
– Length of the shunt procedure 
– Shunt revision
37
Q

bacterial etiology of CSF shunt infections

A

– Staphylococci (epidermidis & aureus)
– Gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus & Pseudomonas)
– Streptococci
– Diphtheroids (Propionibacterium acnes)
– Anaerobes
– Mixed culture

38
Q

where does measles start and how does it spread

A

it starts at the head/neck and spreads downwards

39
Q

symptoms of measles

A

coryza, conjuctivis, cough

Microbiology (39 decks)

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