RT2 Flashcards
where are most respiratory infections
in the upper respiratory tract
viral agents commonly involved in RT infections
- Adenoviruses
- Rhinoviruses
- Coronaviruses
- HPIV
- RSV
- Influenzaviruses
- Emerging: non- polio picornaviruses
viruses than enter through the respiratory but do not exert their pathology in the RT
Measles (Both Rubella and Rubeola)
Chickenpox aka Varicella-Zoster aka HSV-3
Smallpox Coxsackievirus Norwalk Virus
upper RT infections
Sinusitis (most common) Rhinitis (runny nose aka common cold) Otolaryngitis (nose clogged and scared to talk) Laryngitis Pharyngitis
lower RT infections
Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis
Pneumonias
types of pneumonias
CAPs (Community- Acquired Pneumonia)(exogenous)
[Acute CAPs Subacute/Chronic]
Nosocomial Usually acute (hospital acquired and deadly)
why is mucus elevator more important in lower RT
in URT gravity pushes the mucus down so not needed
sinusitis and otitis media have mainly what potential etiologic agent
bacterial
microbial causes of rhinitis
viral agents: rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, non-polio picornavirus
no significant bacterial agents
clinical syndrome of rhinitis
symptoms of common cold which include: •Runny or stuffy nose •Itchy or sore throat •Cough •Congestion •Slight body aches or a mild headache •Sneezing •Watery eyes •Low-grade fever •Mild fatigue
what does a person get in most viral agents that they do not get in rhinitis
high fever (low grade in rhinitis) or high/significant fatigue
many cases of rhinitis are due to what?
allergies rather than infection
what happens to nasal discharge as the common cold runs its course
it becomes thicker and yellow or green in color
rhinovirus is from what viral family
picornavirus
describe physical features of rhinovirus (picornavirus)
small, +ssRNA, icosahedral, non enveloped virus
what are features of rhinovirus that contributes to its pathogenicity
relatively stable in the environment, non enveloped, opt temp of growth at 33-35oC, antigenic drift
how do the features of rhinovirus help with its pathogenicity
stable in environment: enables transmission
non enveloped: less sensitive to surface cleaners like alcohols and disinfectants
opt temp of 33-35: ideal for URT infection
antigenic drift: high number of viral serotype (greater than 153)
sole known reservoir of rhinovirus
humans
who is susceptible to rhinovirus
all ages: more severe in younger children because they haven’t built immunity against it
transmission and survival time of rhinovirus
transmission - breathing on one another, droplets, formites, sneezing
survival time: 2 hours to a week
what happens to most people infected with enterovirus
they do not get sick or they get mild illness
what are symptoms of those who develop mild illness from enterovirus
fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough, skin rash, mouth blisters, body and muscle aches
clinical syndrome of adenovirus
pharyngitis (sore throat), conjunctivitis (inflammation of conjuctiva of eye)
significant about the structure of adenovirus
icosahedral and there are fibers at the end of each penton
