Cognition

Question 1

Information processing model

Answer 1

Sensory->short term->long term

Question 2

Working memory

Answer 2

Short term memory

Question 3

Iconic memory

Answer 3

Split-second perfect photo of scene

Question 4

Echoic memory

Answer 4

(3-4sec) memory of sound

Question 5

Selective attention

Answer 5

Encode what is important (cocktail party effect)

Question 6

Short term memory storage

Answer 6

7 +- 2 items

Question 7

Chunking

Answer 7

Grouping items (mnemonic devices

Question 8

Episodic memory

Answer 8

Events stored sequentially (last time I went to movies)

Question 9

Semantic memory

Answer 9

General knowledge, categories

Question 10

Procedural memory

Answer 10

Skills

Question 11

Explicit

Answer 11

Conscious memories we tried to remember

Question 12

Implicit

Answer 12

Nondeclarative, unintentional, how to clean floor

Question 13

Levels of processing model

Answer 13

Deep (elaboratively) and shallow (maintenance) processing

Question 14

Recognition

Answer 14

Multiple choice test

Question 15

Recall

Answer 15

Essay (retrieve with external cue)

Question 16

Primacy effect

Answer 16

More likely to remember 1st part

Question 17

Recency effect

Answer 17

Recall end

Question 18

Serial positioning effect

Answer 18

Forget the middle part

Question 19

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Answer 19

Temporary inability to remember something

Question 20

Flashbulb memories

Answer 20

Context e.g. 9/11 remember where you were

Question 21

Mood-congruent theory

Answer 21

Matching mood as the memory = greater recall

Question 22

State-dependent theory

Answer 22

Different recall in states of consciousness (before sleep, have to write down)

Question 23

Constructive memory

Answer 23

Constructed memory, false details

Question 24

Relearning effect

Answer 24

Easier to relearn something

Question 25

Retroactive interference

Answer 25

New info blocks old

Question 26

Proactive interference

Answer 26

Old info blocks new

Question 27

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 27

Can't store new memories

Question 28

Long-term potentiation

Answer 28

Repeat firings -> strengthen memory

Question 29

Phenomes

Answer 29

Smallest unit of sound

Question 30

Morphemes

Answer 30

Smallest unit of meaningful sound

Question 31

Babbling stage

Answer 31

4 months, phenomes

Question 32

One-word stage

Answer 32

Holophrastic, 1 year

Question 33

Two-word stage

Answer 33

18 months, telegraphic

Question 34

Overgeneralization/Overregulation

Answer 34

Excessively applying grammar rules

Question 35

Nativist theory of language acquisition

Answer 35

Noam Chomsky-inborn ability to develop language

Question 36

Critical period

Answer 36

Period where child has to be exposed to language to learn

Question 37

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 37

Language influence thinking, Benjamin Whorf

Question 38

Prototypes

Answer 38

Typical example of concept

Question 39

Algorithms

Answer 39

Try everything possible solution, guarantee answer

Question 40

Heuristics

Answer 40

rule of thumb, not always true

Question 41

Availability heuristic

Answer 41

Judge situation based on similar ones that come to mind

Question 42

Representative heuristic

Answer 42

Judge situation on prototypes

Question 43

Belief bias

Answer 43

Tend not to change belief

Question 44

Belief perseverence

Answer 44

Not change belief even if contratdicted

Question 45

Rigidity

Answer 45

Mental set, tend to fall in established patterns

Question 46

Functional fixedness

Answer 46

Inability to see new use for ojbect

Question 47

Confirmation bias

Answer 47

Look for evidence that supports beliefs

Question 48

Framing

Answer 48

How problem is presented

Question 49

Convergent thinking

Answer 49

Point to 1 solution

Question 50

Divergent thinking

Answer 50

Multiple answers, associated with creativity