Sensation/Perception

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Process our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Organizing and interpreting sensory information

Question 3

Bottom-up processing

Answer 3

analysis beginning w/ sensory receptors, up to brain’s integration of sensory info

Question 4

Top-down processing

Answer 4

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, construct perceptions from experience and expectations

Question 5

Psychophysics

Answer 5

Study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience of them

Question 6

Absolute threshold

Answer 6

Minimum stimulation needed to detect stimulus 50%

Question 7

Signal detection theory

Answer 7

Predict how/when we detect faint stimulus amid background stimulation (assume no absolute threshold)

Question 8

Subliminal

Answer 8

Below absolute threshold

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

Activation of certain associations, predispositions

Question 10

Difference threshold

Answer 10

Minimum difference between stimuli to be perceived 50% of the time

Question 11

Weber’s law

Answer 11

Different stimuli perceived different by constant minimum percentage

Question 12

Sensory adaptation

Answer 12

Diminished sensation from constant stimulation

Question 13

Transduction

Answer 13

Conversion of energy from one form to another

Question 14

Pupil

Answer 14

Adjustable opening in center of eye

Question 15

Iris

Answer 15

Ring of muscle tissue around colored part of eye, controls size of pupil opening

Question 16

Lens

Answer 16

Behind pupil, focus images on retina

Question 17

Retina

Answer 17

light-sensitive inner surface of eye, w/ receptor rods/cones

Question 18

Accommodation

Answer 18

Process lens changes shape to focus

Question 19

Fovea

Answer 19

point of central focus

Question 20

Blind spot

Answer 20

Where optic nerve leaves eye

Question 21

Rods

Answer 21

Black/white/Gray

Question 22

Cones

Answer 22

Center of retina, fine detail, color

Question 23

Optic nerve

Answer 23

Carries neural impulses from the eye to brain

Question 24

Feature detectors

Answer 24

Nerve cells for specific features like shape, angle, etc.

Question 25

Parallel processing

Answer 25

Processing many aspects simultaneously

Question 26

Young-Helmholtz theory

Answer 26

Retina three cones-red, green, blue

Question 27

Opponent-process theory

Answer 27

Opposing retinal processes enable color vision (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black)

Question 28

Audition

Answer 28

Sense or act of hearing

Question 29

Middle ear

Answer 29

Chamber between eardrum and cochlea w/ hammer, anvil, stirrup

Question 30

Cochlea

Answer 30

coiled, bony fluid-filled tube in inner ear

Question 31

Inner ear

Answer 31

Cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibular sacs

Question 32

Place Theory

Answer 32

Pitch influence where cochlea is stimulated

Question 33

Frequency theory

Answer 33

Rate of nerve impulses matches frequency of tone

Question 34

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 34

Caused by damage to mechanical system

Question 35

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 35

Damage to cochlea's receptor cells or auditory nerves

Question 36

Cochlear implant

Answer 36

Converts sound to electrical signals

Question 37

Kinesthesis

Answer 37

Sensing position and movement of body parts

Question 38

Vestibular sense

Answer 38

Body movement and position and balance

Question 39

Gate-control theory

Answer 39

Large-block | Small-open

Question 40

Basic tastes

Answer 40

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 41

Sensory interaction

Answer 41

One sense influence another (smell, taste)

Question 42

Gestalt

Answer 42

Emphasize integration of pieces to whole

Question 43

Figure-ground

Answer 43

Organization of figures and surroundings

Question 44

Grouping

Answer 44

Organize stimuli into groups

Question 45

Depth perception

Answer 45

3-D

Question 46

Binocular cues

Answer 46

depth cues, retinal disparity

Question 47

Retinal disparity

Answer 47

Two images from two eyes. Greater difference, closer it is

Question 48

Monocular cues

Answer 48

Depth cues; interposition, linear perspective

Question 49

Phi phenomenon

Answer 49

Illusion of movement

Question 50

Perceptual constancy

Answer 50

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as light/shape change

Question 51

Color constancy

Answer 51

consistent color

Question 52

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 52

Ability to adjust

Question 53

Perceptual set

Answer 53

mental predisposition to perceive something

Question 54

Immanuel Kant

Answer 54

Said knowledge comes from inborn organization tools