Cold War (Predicted) Flashcards
(31 cards)
What was the cause of the Berlin Blockade?
Stalin opposed the unification of the Western zones and the introduction of a new currency (Deutsche Mark)
He wanted to force the Allies out of Berlin and prevent a divided Germany.
What action did Stalin take in June 1948 regarding West Berlin?
Blocked all road, rail, and canal routes into West Berlin.
What was the Western response to the blockade of West Berlin?
Organised the Berlin Airlift – planes flew supplies into West Berlin for 11 months.
How many flights were conducted during the Berlin Airlift?
Over 275,000 flights delivered supplies.
What was a consequence of the Berlin Blockade?
Formal division of Germany into FRG (West Germany) and GDR (East Germany).
What was the Truman Doctrine?
A speech by President Truman stating the USA would help any country threatened by communism.
What was the aim of the Truman Doctrine?
To contain communism (start of containment policy).
What prompted the Truman Doctrine?
British withdrawal of support from Greece and Turkey.
How much aid did Truman offer under the Truman Doctrine?
$400 million in aid.
What economic aid program was initiated in 1947?
The Marshall Plan.
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?
To provide $13 billion in economic aid to European countries to rebuild after WWII.
How did Stalin react to the Marshall Plan?
Saw it as dollar imperialism and refused to let Eastern Bloc countries accept it.
What military alliance was formed in 1949?
NATO.
What is the principle of collective defense in NATO?
An attack on one is an attack on all.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Soviet response to NATO, a military alliance of the USSR and Eastern European satellite states.
What was a significant consequence of the Warsaw Pact?
Cemented the division of Europe into two armed camps.
What were the causes of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956?
Hungarians opposed Soviet control and disliked hard-line leader Rakosi.
What reforms did Imre Nagy propose during the Hungarian Uprising?
Free elections and neutrality.
What was the outcome of the Hungarian Uprising?
Soviet tanks crushed the uprising; Nagy was executed.
What was the Prague Spring?
A period of reforms introduced by Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček in 1968.
What happened during the Prague Spring?
Soviet-led Warsaw Pact troops invaded and Dubček was removed from power.
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
USSR policy that any threat to socialism in Eastern Europe would be crushed.
What was the reason for the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
To support the pro-Soviet communist government threatened by Mujahideen rebels.
What was Cominform?
Communist Information Bureau that coordinated communist parties across Europe.
