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2nd Semester > Compounds Science > Flashcards

Compounds Science Flashcards

1
Q

There is a connection between the polarity of a molecule and the
types of _____________________ that are present.

A

polar or non-polar covalent bonds

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2
Q

To know if a molecule is polar or nonpolar, it is always useful to look at ____________.

A

Lewis structures

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3
Q

Is bonded by covalent bonding in which
one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end of the molecule is slightly negative.

A

polar molecule

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4
Q

A polar molecule is bonded by ___________ in which
one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end of the
molecule is slightly negative.

A

covalent bonding

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5
Q

A polar molecule is bonded by covalent bonding in which
one end of the molecule is slightly _________, while the other end of the
molecule is slightly ____________.

A

positive and negative

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6
Q

Bonded thru covalent
bond, the electrons are evenly distributed.

A

nonpolar molecule

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7
Q

When molecules share electrons equally in a covalent
bond there is no ___________ across the
molecule.

A

net electrical charge

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8
Q

This means they have unequal sharing of
electrons.

A

polar covalent bond

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9
Q

Polar Molecules means they have unequal sharing of
electrons. In which, one atom has a _______________ while the other one has a
_________________

A

a smaller number of electrons and bigger number of electrons.

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10
Q

Electrons in a polar
covalent bond are unequally shared between
the ___________, which results in what?

A

two bonded atoms, partial
positive and negative charges.

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11
Q

The separation
of the partial charges creates a what?

A

DIPOLE

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12
Q

The word DIPOLE MEANS what?:=

A

TWO POLES

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13
Q

these are the separated partial positive and negative
charges?

A

Dipole or two poles

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14
Q

results when a
molecule contains polar bonds in an
unsymmetrical arrangement which means they
contain lone pairs of electrons on a central
atom or having atoms with different
electronegativities bonded.

A

polar molecule

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15
Q

is a measure of the tendency of an
atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

A

Electronegativity

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16
Q

> 0.5 and not equal to 0.5?

A

polar molecule.

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17
Q

< 0.5 or equal to 0.5

A

nonpolar molecule.

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18
Q

greater than 2.0 or equal to 2.0?

A

Ionic Bond

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19
Q

are extremely polar molecules.

A

Ionic Bonds

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20
Q

WHEN GETTING THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY, WHAT SHOULD GO FIRST? THE BIGGER OR SMALLER NUMBER?

A

Bigger (There lmao)

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21
Q

WHEN GETTING THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY, WHAT SHOULD GO FIRST? THE BIGGER OR SMALLER NUMBER?

A

Bigger (There lmao)

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22
Q

is a characteristic of polar covalent
molecules.

A

Molecular geometry

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23
Q

helps us to predict the molecular structure,
including the approximate bond angles around a central
an atom of a molecule-based on the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure.

A

Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR
theory)

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24
Q

States that electron pairs in the valence
shell of a central atom will follow an arrangement that
minimizes the repulsion between these electron pairs by
maximizing the distance between them.

A

The VSEPR model

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25
Q

What does the VSEPR Model states?

A

States that electron pairs in the valence
shell of a central atom will follow an arrangement that
minimizes the repulsion between these electron pairs by
maximizing the distance between them.

26
Q

What shows the arrangement of electron
pairs around each central atom and the correct
arrangement of atoms in a molecule?

A

VSEPR theory

27
Q

It should be clear, that the theory only considers what?

A

electron-pair repulsions, nuclear-nuclear repulsions
and nuclear-electron attractions.

28
Q

shows
the arrangement of
electron pairs around
each central atom and
the correct
arrangement of atoms
in a molecule.

A

VSEPR theory

29
Q

A straight line

A

Linear

30
Q

———-/-————–

A

Bent

31
Q

Letter X shape with only 3 lines?

A

Trigonal Planar

32
Q

Letter X shape with 4 lines?

A

Tetrahedral

33
Q

Letter X shape with 4 lines?

A

Tetrahedral

34
Q

Examples of NONPOLAR MOLECULES (list them)

A

Hydrogen (H2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Fluorine (F2)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Iodine (I2)
Bromine (Br2)
*Carbon dioxide - CO2
*Benzene - C6H6
*Carbon tetrachloride - CCl4
*Methane - CH4
*Ethylene - C2H4
gasoline (C8H18)
toluene (C6H5CH3)
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Neon
Xenon
Radon

35
Q

Asymmetrical bond

A

POLAR COMPOUND

36
Q

Symmetrical bond

A

NON-POLAR COMPOUND

37
Q

meaning all the sides around the
central atom are identical - bonded to the same
element with no unshared pairs of electrons.

A

SYMMETRICAL

38
Q

have zero or very small dipole
moments.

A

Molecules whose atoms have equal or nearly equal
electro-negativities

39
Q

When molecules share electrons equally in
a covalent bond there is ______________

A

no net electrical charge
across the molecule.

40
Q

In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are ________________

A

evenly
distributed.

41
Q

You can predict nonpolar molecules will
form when atoms have _____________

A

the same or similar
electronegativity

42
Q

Nonpolar molecules also form when?

A

Atoms sharing a polar bond arrange such that the electric charges cancel each other out.

43
Q

Polar solutes can be
dissolved by what?

A

Polar Solvents

44
Q

Nonpolar solutes can be
dissolved by what?

A

nonpolar
solvents.

45
Q

Polar or Non-polar? Which Melts slower? Why?

A

Polar have strong
intermolecular forces
between atoms, therefore
they need a higher temp. to
melt. While none polar has weak
intermolecular forces
between atoms, therefore
they need a lower temp.
to melt.

46
Q

Polar has a ______ boiling point

A

Higher

47
Q

Nonpolar has _____ boiling point

A

lower

48
Q

The general rule is that “like dissolves like”, which means?

A

polar molecules will dissolve into other polar liquids and nonpolar
molecules will dissolve into nonpolar liquids.

49
Q

oil is __________while
water is _________. Do they mix?

A

nonpolar while water is polar, nope

50
Q

When mixing paint you only mix what?

A

The same type of paint together

51
Q

Important rule of paint?

A

Water base with water base,
oil with oil, chalk/mineral paint with chalk/mineral
paint.

52
Q

Any structure that isn’t an X is what?

A

Polar

53
Q

Any structure that is an X is what?

A

NonPolar

54
Q

A bent X structure is what?

A

Polar

55
Q

Are formed when atoms lose, accept or share
electrons.

A

CHEMICAL BONDS

56
Q

Occurs when there is a transfer of one or more
valence electrons form one atom to another.

A

IONIC BOND

57
Q

Ionic Bond occurs when?

A

when there is a transfer of one or more
valence electrons form one atom to another.

58
Q

Ionic bond exist in?

A

It exists between metal and nonmetal atoms

59
Q

A cluster of atoms is also called what?

A

Molecule

60
Q

It is a small unit that can undergo a chemical reaction

A

Molecule

61
Q

Influences the strength and types of intermolecular forces of attraction in a substance.

A

Molecule Polarity

62
Q

is a physical property of compounds such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular forces between molecules

A

Polarity

2nd Semester (48 decks)

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